摘要(Abstract)：

利用室内根盒培养建立的原位根际酶活检测方法，分析生长习性不同的Charleston（有限生长习性）、东农594（亚有限生长习性）和DN50（亚有限生长习性）3个大豆品种在正常土壤（有机质含量高）和退化土壤（有机质含量低）条件下根系表型特征，分析大豆根系碳代谢途径关键酶（β-葡萄糖苷酶）活性变化，明确不同类型土壤影响大豆根系生长发育的规律。结果表明，不同生长习性大豆品种对土壤适应性存在基因型差异，根系表型和土壤环境关系密切。大豆根际β-葡萄糖苷酶活性较土壤中β-葡萄糖苷酶活性高。活性表现为沿根系基部逐渐增加，到根尖活性最大的分布规律，在根尖形成酶活性热点。沿根系生长方向的β-葡萄糖苷酶扩散宽度与酶活性强度在不同类型土壤中分布规律一致，均为由基部到根尖逐渐增加。研究结果明确大豆根际碳代谢关键酶活性变化特点，可为大豆生长发育及高产新品种选育提供根系角度理论支持。In order to clarify the response characteristics of soybean roots to different types of soils, the phenotypic characteristics of roots were analyzed in normal and degraded soils(high and low contents of the organic matter) cultured in indoor root box of the three soybean varieties with different growth habits, Charleston(Determinate growth habit), DN594(Semi-deternimate growth habit) and DN50(Semi-deternimate growth habit). At the same time, an in situ rhizosphere enzyme activity determination for β-glucosidase related to carbon metabolism in root development was established to analyze the enzyme activity changes of soybean root. The results were as follows: Soybean varieties with different growth habits showed genotypic differences in soil adaptabilities, and root phenotype was closely related to soil environment. There was a region on the surface of soybean root system with higher enzyme activity than that in soil, namely rhizosphere. The activities of β-glucosidase increased gradually from low to high, and reached the maximum distribution in root tip, forming a hot spot of enzyme activity. Moreover, the diffusion width of rhizosphere enzyme activity along the tap root direction was consistent with the distribution of enzyme activity intensity. The region with the strongest enzyme activity was also the region with the largest diffusion from rhizosphere to soil, which was consistent in different soil types. These conclusions clarified the characteristics of carbon metabolism and energy metabolism in soybean rhizosphere, and could provide theoretical supports for soybean growth and development and the breeding of new high-yield varieties.

关键词(KeyWords)： 大豆;根系;根际酶活性;原位酶谱soybean;root system;rhizosphere enzyme activity;in situ zymography

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基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目（31571693,32172072）;; 黑龙江省自然科学基金项目（LH2021C025）;; 东农学者计划“学术骨干”项目（19XG05）;; 寒地粮食作物种质创新与生理生态教育部重点实验室开放课题（CXSTOP2021008）

作者(Authors): 姜振峰;李珊珊;温明星;孙亚男;赵宛瀛;刘志华;JIANG Zhenfeng;LI Shanshan;WEN Mingxing;SUN Yanan;ZHAO Wanying;LIU Zhihua;Northeast Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs;School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University;

DOI: 10.19720/j.cnki.issn.1005-9369.2022.11.001