* Corresponding authors

a Energy Conversion Engineering Lab, Institute of Regional Innovation (IRI), Hirosaki University, 2-1-3, Matsubara, Aomori 030-0813, Japan E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +81-17-735-5411

b Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 1-Bunkyocho, Hirosaki 036-8560, Japan

c Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jalan Pasir Putih I, Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara 14430, Indonesia

d Department of Nanoscience, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan

e Department of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China

f Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute Technology Bandung, JI Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia