药物和内分泌干扰化合物是有机微污染物，在低浓度下即可引起不良影响。据报道，包括巴西在内的多个国家在地表水中存在它们，其浓度约为 ngL -1 ，而观察到毒性作用的浓度通常在 mg.L -1至 μg.L -范围内。1，但是很少有研究来描述它们在巴西地表水中所带来的风险。因此，本研究的目的是评估药物以及天然和环境雌激素的存在对巴西地表水造成的生态风险。风险评估中纳入了 29 种药物、激素和环境雌激素，其中 12 种因数据不足而被丢弃。内分泌干​​扰化合物是最常检测到的（占报告浓度的 39.8%），其次是非甾体抗炎药（16.3%）、抗生素（6.6%）、防腐剂（5.1%）、镇痛药（5.1%）、抗高血压药（4.6%），其次是调脂药、抗惊厥药、抗抑郁药、抗组胺药、抗病毒药和皮质类固醇。双酚-A 是最常检测到的化合物，其次是双氯芬酸、17-β-雌二醇、17-α-乙炔雌二醇、萘普生、三氯生和 4-n-壬基酚。在所调查的水体中，三分之二预测为急性生态风险，三分之一为慢性风险。双氯芬酸或三氯生的存在是急性风险的决定因素，而雌激素被证明是慢性风险的决定因素。除了天然和合成的内分泌干扰物外，估计平均相关风险最高的药理学组是非甾体抗炎药，其次是抗惊厥药。大多数被发现会造成生态风险的化合物都没有排放限制，这表明巴西有关当局需要采取监管行动。

"点击查看英文标题和摘要"

Pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds are organic micropollutants that can cause adverse effects at low concentrations. Their occurrence in surface waters has been reported in several countries, including Brazil, at concentrations on the order of ngL−1, while the concentrations at which toxic effects are observed are often in the range of mg.L−1 to μg.L −1, however few studies have been undertaken to characterize risks they represent in Brazilian surface waters. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the ecological risk to Brazilian surface waters caused by the presence of pharmaceuticals and natural and environmental estrogens. Twenty-nine pharmaceuticals, hormones and environmental estrogens were included in the risk assessment while twelve were discarded due to insufficient data availability. The endocrine disrupting compounds were the most frequently detected (39.8% of the reported concentrations), followed by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (16.3%), antibiotics (6.6%), antiseptics (5.1%), analgesics (5.1%), antihypertensives (4.6%), and to a lesser extent, lipid controllers, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, antihistamines, antivirals and corticosteroids. Bisphenol-A was the most frequently detected compound, followed by diclofenac, 17-β-estradiol, 17-α-ethynilestradiol, naproxen, triclosan and 4-n-nonylphenol. Acute ecological risk was predicted in two thirds and chronic risk in one third of the water bodies surveyed. The presence of diclofenac or triclosan was determinant for acute risk while estrogenic hormones proved to be decisive for chronic risk. In addition to natural and synthetic endocrine disruptors, the pharmacological groups estimated to have the highest average associated risks were non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, followed by anticonvulsants. No discharge limits exist for most of the compounds found to contribute to ecological risks, indicating the need for regulatory action by the proper Brazilian authorities.