1、 iso 2553:2013 welding and allied processes - symbolic representation on drawings - welded joints 焊接及相关工艺焊接及相关工艺-图纸上的符号表示图纸上的符号表示- 焊接接头焊接接头 中文版中文版 2013.12.20 发布发布 2014.06 完成替代完成替代 iso 2553:1992 tonyj international standard iso 2553:2013 2 / 48 目录目录 introduction . 3 1 scope . 3 2 normative references

2、 . 4 3 terms and definitions . 4 4 焊接符号 . 8 4.1 一般说明 . 8 4.2 基本焊接符号 . 8 4.3 焊接符号标识体系 . 8 4.4 基本符号 . 9 4.5 附加符号 . 12 4.6 箭头线 . 16 4.8 尾部 . 19 5 焊缝的尺寸 . 20 5.1 一般规则 . 20 5.2 剖面尺寸 . 20 5.3 长度尺寸 . 20 5.4 对接焊缝 . 21 5.5 角焊缝 . 21 5.6 孔内塞焊 . 22 5.7 槽内塞焊 . 22 5.8 点焊 . 22 5.9 缝焊 . 22 5.10 端焊. 22 5.11 螺柱焊 . 22

3、 5.12 堆焊. 22 6 接头准备尺寸 . 30 6.1 一般规则 . 30 6.2 根部间隙 . 30 6.3 角度 . 30 6.4 u 和 j 型对接接头圆弧和根部 . 31 6.5 坡口深度 . 31 6.6 塞焊和槽焊锥孔角 . 33 7. 特定质量要求的对接焊缝替代符号 . 34 7.1 一般规则 . 34 7.2 举例 . 34 附录 a（信息性）焊接符号的使用示例 . 35 附录 b 焊接接头形式转变过渡点及公差（信息性） . 44 附录 c（信息性）断续对接和角焊缝的可替换标识方法 . 45 bibliography . 48 international standard

4、 iso 2553:2013 3 / 48 introduction the symbols given in this standard can be used on technical drawings for welded components. design-related specifications, such as type, thickness, and length of weld, weld quality, surface treatment, filler material and testing specifications, can be indicated dir

5、ectly at the weld by means of the symbols given in this standard. the principals of this standard can be applied to brazed and soldered joints. clarity may be improved by references to collective information in the drawings or references to additional design-related documents. preparation for produc

6、tion may require detailed welding-related planning. the type of representation described in this standard can be used for this purpose and complemented by additional production-related information (e.g. welding position, welding process, wps, weld preparation, preheating ). this information is often

7、 given in production-related documents, such as work schedules or welding procedure specifications (wps). technical drawings are intended to clearly and understandably illustrate design-related specifications. welding-related drawings should be prepared and checked by specially trained personnel (se

8、e iso 14731). this edition of iso 2553 recognizes that there are two different approaches in the global market to designate the arrow side and other side on drawings, and allows for either to be used in isolation, to suit a particular market need. application of either approach identifies a welding

9、symbol in accordance with this international standard. the approach in accordance with system a is based on iso 2553:1992. the approach in accordance with system b is based upon standards used by pacific rim countries. 1 scope this international standard defines the rules to be applied for symbolic

10、representation of welded joints on technical drawings. this may include information about the geometry, manufacture, quality and testing of the welds. the principles of this standard may also be applied to soldered and brazed joints. it is recognized that there are two different approaches in the gl

11、obal market to designate the arrow side and other side on drawings. in this interational standard: clauses, tables and figures which carry the suffix letter a are applicable only to the symbolic representation system based on a dual reference line; clauses, tables and figures which carry the suffix

12、letter b are applicable only to the symbolic representation system based on a single reference line; clauses, tables and figures which do not have the suffix letter a or b are applicable to both systems. the symbols shown in this international standard may be combined with other symbols used on tech

13、nical drawings, for example to show surface finish requirements. international standard iso 2553:2013 4 / 48 an alternative designation method is presented which may be used to represent welded joints on drawings by specifying essential design information such as weld dimensions, quality level, etc.

14、 the joint preparation and welding process(es) are then determined by the production unit in order to meet the specified requirements. note examples given in this international standard, including dimensions, are illustrative only and are intended to demonstrate the proper application of principles.

15、 they are not intended to represent good design practices, or to replace code or specification requirements.、 2 normative references the following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. for dated references, only the edi

16、tion cited applies. for undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. iso 128 (all parts), technical drawings general principles of presentation iso 129-1, technical drawings indication of dimensions and tolerances part 1: general principles is

17、o 1302, geometrical product specifications (gps) indication of surface texture in technical product documentation iso 3098-2, technical product documentation lettering part 2: latin alphabet, numerals and marks iso 4063, welding and allied processes nomenclature of processes and reference numbers is

18、o/tr 25901:2007, welding and related processes vocabulary 3 terms and definitions for the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in iso/tr 25901 and the following apply. 3.1 welding symbol symbol consisting of an arrow line and a reference line and which may also include elementa

19、ry and supplementary symbols, dimensions and/or tail, used on technical drawings to indicate welded joint type, location and joint preparation note 1 to entry: see clause 4. 3.2 basic welding symbol symbol consisting of an arrow line, reference line and tail used when the joint is not specified and

20、only to indicate that a welded joint is to be made note 1 to entry: see 4.2. 3.3 international standard iso 2553:2013 5 / 48 arrow line leader line used to indicate the joint that is to be welded generally drawn at 135 to the reference line note 1 to entry: see 4.6. 3.4 reference line part of the we

21、lding symbol on which the elementary symbol is located, generally drawn parallel to the bottom edge of the drawing note 1 to entry: see 4.7. 3.5 tail v shaped element added to the end of the continuous reference line away from the arrow line note 1 to entry: see 4.8. 3.6 arrow side side of the joint

22、 to which the arrow line is pointing note 1 to entry: see 4.7.2.1. 3.7 other side opposite side of the joint to the arrow side note 1 to entry: see 4.7.2.1. 3.8 elementary symbol symbol forming part of the welding symbol and drawn on the reference line to indicate the type of weld and joint preparat

23、ion note 1 to entry: see 4.4. 3.9 supplementary symbol symbol used in conjunction with elementary symbols to convey additional information about the joint note 1 to entry: see 4.5. 3.10 complementary information non-symbolic information, relevant to the welds being made, which may be included in the

24、 tail of the welding symbol note 1 to entry: see 4.8. 3.11 intermittent weld series of weld elements made at intervals along a joint source: iso/tr 25901:2007 note 1 to entry: see 5.3.2. 3.11.1 chain intermittent weld international standard iso 2553:2013 6 / 48 intermittent weld on each side of a jo

25、int (usually fillet welds in t and lap joints) arranged so that the welds lie opposite one another along the joint note 1 to entry: see 5.3.2.2. 3.11.2 staggered intermittent weld intermittent weld on each side of a joint (usually fillet welds in t and lap joints) arranged so that the welds on one s

26、ide lie opposite to the spaces on the other side along the joint note 1 to entry: see 5.3.2.3. 3.12 offset distance between the start of welding on one side of a staggered intermittent weld made on both sides of the joint and the start of welding on the other side note 1 to entry: see 5.3.2.3, table

27、 3 and table 5, no 2.6. 3.13 back run final run deposited on the root side of a fusion weld 3.14 backing weld backing in the form of a weld 3.15 nominal weld length design length of a weld 3.15.1 nominal length of weld elements in intermittent welds, the design length of the elements of the weld 3.1

28、6 nominal throat thickness a design value of the height of the largest isosceles triangle that can be inscribed in the section of a fillet weld note 1 to entry: other design throat thicknesses may be used, but need to be specified. 3.17 leg length z(新标准使用小写新标准使用小写) distance from the actual or projec

29、ted intersection of the fusion faces and the toe of a fillet weld, measured across the fusion face 3.18 penetration depth thickness of the weld metal excluding any reinforcement 3.19 deep penetration throat thickness s nominal or effective throat thickness to which a certain amount of fusion penetra

30、tion is added international standard iso 2553:2013 7 / 48 3.20 flare-bevel weld butt weld between a joint member with a curved surface and another with a planar surface note 1 to entry: see table 5. 3.21 flare-v weld butt weld between two members with curved surfaces note 1 to entry: see table 5. 3.

31、22 field weld weld made outside workshops usually at the place of final installation international standard iso 2553:2013 8 / 48 4 焊接符号焊接符号 4.1 一般说明一般说明 一条基准线和一个箭头为要求要素。附加要素可能用来表达特定信息。 推荐焊接符号标识在焊接接头的同侧，例如箭头侧（见 4.6） 箭头线，基准线，基本符号和字母的厚度按照 iso 128 和 iso30982。 为了不使图纸混乱，参考文件应该在图纸上注明或其它设计文档中规定。 4.2 基本焊接符号基

32、本焊接符号 如焊缝细节没有指定，只是要求用来说明接头要焊接，可以采用图 1 所示基本符号。这种情 况下标识体系 a（见 4.6.1a）不要求双基准线，因为没有焊缝细节信息要传达。 基本焊接符号包括箭头线、基准线和尾部说明。 关键点 1.箭头线 2.基准线 3.尾部说明 注：这个符号通过用于说明定位焊缝的位置。 图 1基本焊接符号（未指定结关细节） 图 1基本焊接符号（未指定结关细节） 4.3 焊接符号标识体系焊接符号标识体系 本国际规范承认 2 种不同的标识体系 a 和 b，用于在图纸上定义箭头侧和非箭头侧。 标识体系 a ，符号表示用 2 条基准线线，一条连续一条为断续。 （见 4.7） 标

33、识体系 b，仅用一条基准线（见 4.7） 章节、表格及图示中出现 a 或 b 后缀说明的，仅适用于该标识体系，否则的话适用于这两 个标识体系。 图纸上不要同时存在 2 种体系的标识， 应该明确的说明使用的标识体系， 并且选用 iso1291 中的单位。 完整的焊缝符号标识相应元素的位置见图 a.1。 international standard iso 2553:2013 9 / 48 4.4 基本符号基本符号 4.4.1 一般说明 基本符号参照表 1，可以添加到基准线上，适用于 2 个体系，用于说明焊缝类型。 基本符号是形成焊接符号的一部分，一般应该画在基准线上中间的位置。 基本符号包括：

34、基本符号（见 4.5 和表 3） 尺寸（见章节 5） 补充信息 基本符号位置应该按照所示方向，不允许旋转。 附录 b 给出了对接、端接、角接的公差和转换点指定方案。 如果无法通过标识明确说明焊缝信息，可以通过增加截面图、尺寸和说明。 international standard iso 2553:2013 10 / 48 表 1基本符号 表 1基本符号 序号 名称 说明 （断续线说明了焊前准备情况） 符号 a 1 i 对接焊缝 b 2 v 对接焊缝 b 3 y 对接焊缝 b 4 hv 对接焊缝 b 5 hy 对接焊缝 b 6 u 对接焊缝 b 7 j 对接焊缝 b 8 喇叭 v 焊缝 9 喇叭

35、 hv 焊缝 10 角焊缝 11 塞焊 （槽或圆孔） 12 电阻点焊（包括 标识体系 a 中的 凸焊） 13 熔化点焊（包括 标识体系 b 中的 凸焊） international standard iso 2553:2013 11 / 48 序号 名称 说明 （断续线说明了焊前准备情况） 符号 a 14 电阻缝焊 15 熔化缝焊 16 螺柱焊 17 窄间隙 v 焊缝 18 窄间隙 hv 焊缝 19 端焊缝 20 卷边对接或角接 焊缝 21 堆焊 22 打桩焊缝 （用于束焊） a.灰色线不是焊缝的一部分，只是用来说明基准线的位置。 b.对接焊缝默认为全熔透，除非焊缝符号前面指定尺寸或由其它文件

36、规定，如 wps。 c.可以用于超过 2 个零件的接头。 4.4.2 基本符号组合 如要求表示特殊焊缝轮廓，可以将基本符号组合使用。 4.4.3 两侧对接焊缝 用于表示对称焊缝时，基本符号，包括所有要求信息，彼此相反安排在基准线两侧。 international standard iso 2553:2013 12 / 48 对于两侧对称焊缝，如果具有相同的符号和尺寸，虚线可以省略（见表 2） 。 表 a.3 给出了一个双面对称焊缝的例子。 表 2双侧焊缝的基本符号组合 表 2双侧焊缝的基本符号组合 序号 名称 说明 a 符号 b 1 dv 焊缝 2 dhv 焊缝 3 du 焊缝 4 dhv +

37、角焊缝 a.可以通过在焊接符号前标识尺寸或者通过参考其它文件， 例如 wps 来说明焊缝是部分 还是全熔透。 b.灰色线不是焊缝的一部分，只是用来说明基准线的位置。 4.5 附加符号附加符号 4.5.1 一般说明 接头涉及附加信息，可以通过使用表 3 给出的附加符号来说明。附加符号提供焊缝形状或 接头制作信息。 4.5.2 周圈焊缝 周圈焊缝符号标识在箭头和基准线的交接处，用于说明连续焊缝、单侧或双侧焊缝，围绕接 头一圈。 （见表 3） 。 这一系列接头可能包括不同的方向和不同的零件，但是焊缝必须有相同的类型和尺寸。 以下情况下不允许使用周圈焊缝符号： a) 焊缝开始与结束不在同一点，例如不连

38、续； b) 焊缝类型改变，例如由角焊变为对接焊； c) 尺寸改变，例如角焊缝名言厚度改变。在这种情况下，每条焊缝单独标识。 注： 周圈焊缝符号并不是表示焊缝可以随处焊接。 孔或槽内的焊缝不要求使用周圈焊缝符号去指定连续焊接。 international standard iso 2553:2013 13 / 48 表 3附加符号 表 3附加符号 序号 名称 符号 a 应用举例 a 说明 1 平整 b 2 凸起 b 3 凹面 b 4 焊趾圆滑过渡 c 5 封底焊道（v 焊 缝后焊接）d 打底焊道（v 焊 缝前焊接）d 6 指定根部余高 （对接）e 7a 垫板 7b 永久垫板 f 7c 临时垫板

39、f 8 间隔块 12 现场焊缝 / 9 自耗嵌块 a) 插入到间隙位置 b) 根部焊道（嵌块和根部熔 为一体） 。 未展示 v 型焊缝 international standard iso 2553:2013 14 / 48 序号 名称 符号 a 应用举例 a 说明 10 周圈焊 11 两点之间焊缝 13 交错断续焊缝 a.灰色线不是焊缝的一部分，只是用来说明基准线的位置。 b.如果没有标识平整或凸起轮廓符号来说明焊后修整要求，则焊缝表面可以平整或凸起。 标识平整或凸起轮廓符号来说明焊后修整要求，则焊缝表面必须修整平整或凸起，但是平整 表面特征要求信息可以在焊缝尾部备注说明。 参照 iso 1302 使用其它符号用来说明表面修整要求。 c.焊趾通过焊接或修整的方式圆滑过渡。过程细节可在 wi 或 wps 中说明。 d.焊道顺序可通过多条基准线、尾部说明在图纸上说明，或者参考 wps。 e