挖树机的工作装置设计

摘要

论文主要设计研究的是挖树机的工作装置，文章首先通过对传统植被移栽方式弊端的分析，提出机械化移栽的重要性和必要性。并对国内外机械化移栽设备进行研究，分析。通过纵向、横向比较得出我国挖树机发展存在的问题，确定了现阶段研究发展的主要任务和未来的主要方向。

综合国内外挖树机现状，罗列出挖树机的三种整机大致方案，进行分析比对其优缺点，并根据该设计挖树机作业的环境，植被的类型，植被的树龄，移栽的具体需求，以及本次设计的要求，最终确定选择三铲式液压挖树机，上装载平板车上。同时也拟定了主要的输入参数：主机功率、土球直径、土球高度、工作装置提升重量、单株起苗时间以及整机外形尺寸（长×宽×高）等。

对挖树机的液压系统进行设计，通过具体机构设计液压原理图，液压性能件的匹配工作的等。

进行构件的详细设计，该挖树机主要由倾斜升降机构、竖直升降机构、开合支架机构、挖树机构、液压传动装置构成。对这几个部分进行了详细结构和参数的设计，并在这部分对挖树机的具体工作过程进行了论述。

 对整机进行了稳定性的分析，防止在挖树过程中出现倾斜或侧翻，并对个别连接销轴进行校核分析，防止出现剪断和弯曲变形。

最后对机械化移栽中要注意的问题和技术经济性进行分析，作出结论并致谢。

关键词：挖树机  升降机构 液压 移栽

Digging machine working device tree design

Abstract

 Thesis research is designed to dig the tree machine working device , the article firstly analyzes the shortcomings of the traditional way of transplanting vegetation , raised the importance and necessity of mechanized transplanting . And study abroad mechanized transplanting equipment, analytical . By vertical, horizontal comparisons of the development of China's machine digging up tree problems identified key tasks and main directions of future research and development stage .      

Status tree digging machine at home and abroad , set out the tree machines digging machine roughly three programs to analyze than its advantages and disadvantages, and in accordance with the design environment tree digging machine operation , types of vegetation, vegetation age , shift planted specific needs , as well as the requirements of this design , and ultimately determine the choice of three hydraulic shovel digging up tree machines, the load on the flatbed . Also developed a major input parameters : Host power , earth ball diameter , ball height of the soil , working device to enhance weight lifter time to plant , and Overall dimensions ( length × width × height ) and so on .

 Machines for digging tree hydraulic system design, design work to match hydraulic schematic diagram , hydraulic performance parts such as through specific institutions .

 Be members of the detailed design, the machine consists of digging up tree inclined lifting mechanism , vertical lifting mechanism , opening and closing brackets institutions , digging trees institutions constitute a hydraulic actuator . Several parts of the design of these structures and parameters in detail , and in this part of the tree digging machine specific work processes are discussed.

 Were analyzed for overall stability , prevent digging trees tilt or rollover process , and analyze individual connecting pin be checked to prevent shearing and bending deformation.

 Finally mechanized transplanting should pay attention to the technical and economic issues and analyze , draw conclusions , and thanks.

Key Words：Dig Tree machine，Lifting mechanism，Hydraulic，Transplanting

                    目    录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 传统的植被移栽方式 1

1.2 国内外的机械化移栽设备的研究 2

1.2.1 国外挖树机的研究现状 2

1.2.2 国内挖树机的研究现状 4

1.2.3 我国挖树机发展存在的问题 5

1.3 挖树机的研究意义 6

第2章 挖树机的设计思路 9

2.1 挖树机整机结构现状 9

2.2 两铲式挖树机 9

2.3 切割式挖树机 10

第 3 章 总体设计 13

3.1 方案的确定 13

3.2 设计参数的输入 14

3.3 液压系统的设计 15

3.3.1液压传动的优点 15

3.3.2挖树机的液压系统特点 16

第 4 章 详细设计 19

4.1 挖树机的构造 19

4.2 挖树机的工作过程 22

4.3 挖树机构设计 23

4.3.1 工作铲 23

4.3.2 挖铲的结构设计 24

4.4 挖树机挖树机构的导轨和导轨支架 26

4.4.1导轨及挖树铲刀与导轨的配合 26

4.4.2 导轨支架 27

第 5 章 验证校核 29

5.1 整体的稳定性 29

5.2 销轴的校核 30

    5.3 液压缸强度的校核 31

结论 33

参考文献 35

谢辞 36