在sqlplus中执行的sql出错之后应该如何处理和对应，多行sql语句或者存储过程的信息如何进行错误定位，这篇文章将结合实例进行简单地说明。

环境准备

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如何进行错误定位

场景：

假如有3行insert的sql语句，中间一行出错之后，后续继续执行的情况下，如何定位到第二行？

dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace

通过使用dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace可以得到ERROR at line xxx:的信息，这对我们较为有用，我们接下来进行确认

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ sqlplus system/abcd1234@XE

> desc student

> delete from student;

> select * from student;

> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');

> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');

> insert into student values (1003, 'michael');

> select * from student;

> commit;

> exec dbms_output.put_line(dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace);

> EOF

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 13:06:07 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

SQL> SQL> Name Null? Type

----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

STUID NOT NULL NUMBER(4)

STUNAME VARCHAR2(50)

SQL>

2 rows deleted.

SQL>

no rows selected

SQL>

1 row created.

SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated

SQL>

1 row created.

SQL>

STUID STUNAME

---------- --------------------------------------------------

1001 liumiaocn

1003 michael

SQL>

Commit complete.

SQL>

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

可以看到，报错的时候提示了行号，但是行号是1，这是因为这种写法以一行为单位，自然是如此，如果是单个多行的存储过程，将会更加清晰。

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated

所以我们将这个例子进行改造，三行insert的sql放到文件之中，然后在使用dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace来进行确认

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ cat /tmp/sqltest1.sql

desc student

delete from student;

select * from student;

insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');

insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');

insert into student values (1003, 'michael');

select * from student;

commit;

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

然后在尝试一下是否能够确认行号，会发现仍然不能精确定位：

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ sqlplus system/abcd1234@XE

> @/tmp/sqltest1.sql

> exec dbms_output.put_line(dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace);

> EOF

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 13:08:27 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

SQL> SQL> Name Null? Type

----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

STUID NOT NULL NUMBER(4)

STUNAME VARCHAR2(50)

2 rows deleted.

no rows selected

1 row created.

insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated

1 row created.

STUID STUNAME

---------- --------------------------------------------------

1001 liumiaocn

1003 michael

Commit complete.

SQL>

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

因为dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace更多的场景是在于存储过程的错误定位，接下来我们使用一个简单的存储过程例子来进行确认错误行号定位, 先看一个正常的存储过程，把上面的内容稍微修改一下：

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ cat /tmp/addstudent.sql

create or replace PROCEDURE addstudents

IS

student_count number;

BEGIN

delete from student;

select count(*) into student_count from student;

dbms_output.put('sql set count before :');

dbms_output.put_line(student_count);

insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');

insert into student values (1002, 'liumiao');

insert into student values (1003, 'michael');

select count(*) into student_count from student;

dbms_output.put('sql set count after :');

dbms_output.put_line(student_count);

END;

/

exec addstudents();

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

结果执行信息如下

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ sqlplus system/liumiao123

Procedure created.

sql set count before :0

sql set count after :3

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

接下来我们修改一下内容，使得第二行主键重复

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ cat /tmp/addstudent.sql

create or replace PROCEDURE addstudents

IS

student_count number;

BEGIN

delete from student;

select count(*) into student_count from student;

dbms_output.put('sql set count before :');

dbms_output.put_line(student_count);

insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');

insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');

insert into student values (1003, 'michael');

select count(*) into student_count from student;

dbms_output.put('sql set count after :');

dbms_output.put_line(student_count);

END;

/

exec addstudents();

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

再次执行，自然会出错，但是可以看到，正确报出了所在行数，这是procedure的机制提示的信息

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ sqlplus system/liumiao123

Procedure created.

sql set count before :0

BEGIN addstudents(); END;

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated

ORA-06512: at "SYSTEM.ADDSTUDENTS", line 10

ORA-06512: at line 1

SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

可以看到，ORA-06512: at “SYSTEM.ADDSTUDENTS”, line 10的信息就是我们期待的信息，提示出在这个存储过程的第10行执行出现问题，而实际可以使用dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace结合exception给出更为清晰地方式，比如：

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ cat /tmp/addstudent.sql

create or replace PROCEDURE addstudents

IS

student_count number;

BEGIN

delete from student;

select count(*) into student_count from student;

dbms_output.put('sql set count before :');

dbms_output.put_line(student_count);

insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');

insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');

insert into student values (1003, 'michael');

select count(*) into student_count from student;

dbms_output.put('sql set count after :');

dbms_output.put_line(student_count);

exception

when others then

dbms_output.put('exception happend with line info : ');

dbms_output.put_line(dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace);

END;

/

exec addstudents();

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

执行结果确认：

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ sqlplus system/liumiao123

Procedure created.

sql set count before :0

exception happend with line info : ORA-06512: at "SYSTEM.ADDSTUDENTS", line 10

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

这样则可以看出能够比较清晰地进行错误的定位了，但是由于功能受限，所以实际使用场景仍然较为有限，但是定位存储过程的信息则可以使用dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace等进行确认。

小结

多行sql执行定位可以考虑拆成单行来确认，而存储过程则可结合format_error_backtrace等进行确认以提供问题出现的所在行号。

总结

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