纽约交通繁忙区域的ADA色彩对比装置／ADA compliant color contrast detectable warning installation on a high traffic area in New York City. Credit: CC BY 3.0

路边坡道的设计应根据当地设计规范。这对于街道和人行道之间水平变化的轮椅使用者来说至关重要。在一些国家，这些道路配备了音频系统，当轮椅通过时会发出警告声。不同的纹理可以表达不同的信息，以及相关设施的定位，如楼梯、电话亭、长椅等。因此，肌理的变化也能够提醒使用者场地的改变。

Curb Ramps (Especially for Wheelchair Users) The slope, or the gradient of a ramp, should be designed to local guidelines. This is essential for wheelchair users where there are level changes between streets and sidewalks. In some countries, these curbs are equipped with audio systems that emit a warning sound when they are crossing roads. Varying Textures Can be a Key Design Tool Tactile paving surfaces can also be used to convey critical information about the location of amenities such as stairs, telephone booths, benches, etc. In this case, changing texture is used to stimulate their attention.

日本繁忙的行人通道安装了定向触觉标记／Low profile directional tactile markings are installed on busy pedestrian crossings in Japan. Credit: CC BY-SA 3.0

生活纹理也是增强视障人士体验的另一种方式，它指的是植物和树木的触觉，另外，气味也起到了一定的作用。灌木、鸟类的气味和声音可以帮助视障人士识别方向，随着越来越多的灌木的种植，也会引发鸟类的聚集。诸如荚蓬植物、美洲冬青、白浆果等常见植物则推荐使用。而气味植物的种植则需要因地制宜，应根据对该地区气候条件的敏感程度来选择品种，普遍的种类有樱桃李、枫树、杏黄色郁金香、海芋等。气味和声音能够有效地帮助视障人士。这些植物不仅具有美化效果，芳香植物、树木和灌木所产生的微妙声音也能够帮助视障人士分辨方向，让他们对周围环境作出正确判断。

Living Textures Living textures are another way to enhance the experience for the visually impaired. Living textures refer to the feel of plants and trees. Apart from the feel, the fragrance can also be of assistance.Shrubs The chirping of birds can help the visually impaired identify places. With the use of more shrubs, more birds may be invited to flock around. A few recommended species include arrowwood, winterberry holly, and common snowberry. Scented Plants Although these are only a few common examples, the choice of trees and plant species vary by region. Species should be selected based on their hardiness to the region’s climatic conditions. Examples include cherry plum, maple, tulip apricot beauty, and Arum maackia. Smell and sound also help visually impaired people. In addition to the aesthetic enrichment these plants provide, fragrant plants and the sound produced from the movement of trees and shrubs may aid the visually impaired, providing them with a reference to make judgments about their surroundings.

Brickell车站的未来发展策略／The future approach to Brickell Station along Miami’s Underline. Credit: James Corner Field Operations, courtesy Friends of the Underline

特殊纹理可用作地标或触觉提示。垂直元素（如具有粗糙表面的墙壁）和其他景观元素（如雕像和地标）可向视障人士传达触摸信息。嘈杂的水声可以帮助他们识别方位，也能让他们感知水的存在。景观设计师喜欢将水融入他们的设计中，因为这不仅提供冷却效果，还可以营造充满活力的氛围。同样，喷泉的使用和洒水的声音可以帮助视障人士通过聆听来识别场所。使用标牌和互动艺术品标志是城市设计的重要组成部分。标志和标牌以及互动艺术品的易读性可以为残障人士提供表面触觉。因此在设计中，设计师可以充分考虑运用不同的纹理路面、芳香树木和植物、街道设施和水系统。这些是景观设计师可以采用的一些元素，从而更好地帮助残障人士。这些想法是否对您有帮助？请分享您的景观设计新想法。

特色图片：MalecónWalk｜墨西哥，巴亚尔塔港｜West 8｜2011返回搜狐，查看更多