R语言ggplot2做柱形图并在指定的位置添加灰色背景 |
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R语言ggplot2做柱形图并在指定的位置添加灰色背景
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今天的推文介绍一下柱形图实现的代码  image.png 先介绍一个小知识点ggplot2作图X轴默认坐标轴的刻度是朝下的，Y轴默认的刻度是朝左的，如果要改为朝上和朝右，该如何设置。之前也有人问过这个问题 代码语言：javascript复制library(ggplot2) library(ggstar) ggplot()+ geom_star(aes(x=1,y=1), size=100, starshape=16, fill="red")+ theme_bw()+ theme(axis.ticks.length.x = unit(-1,'cm'), plot.margin = unit(c(1,1,2,1),'cm'), axis.text.x = element_text(vjust=-20), axis.title.x = element_text(vjust=-20), axis.ticks.length.y = unit(-1,'cm'), axis.text.y = element_text( margin = margin(0,1.2,0,0,'cm') )) image.png 这里我们把axis.ticks.length.x = unit(-1,'cm')刻度线的长度调整为负数就可以了， 但是还遇到一个问题是 横坐标的文本和标题可以通过vjust参数上下调节，纵坐标的参数却不能够用hjust的参数左右调节，不知道是什么原因 下面开始重复开头提到的柱形图首先是数据，用到的是dslabs这个R包 安装直接使用命令install.packages("dslabs") 加载数据集 代码语言：javascript复制library(dslabs) data("nyc_regents_scores") 给数据集增加一列 代码语言：javascript复制library(dplyr) nyc_regents_scores %>% head() nyc_regents_scores$total % filter(!is.na(score)) -> new_df 最基本的柱形图 代码语言：javascript复制new_df %>% ggplot(aes(score, total)) + geom_bar(stat = "identity", color = "black", fill = "#C4843C") image.png 指定位置添加背景 代码语言：javascript复制new_df %>% ggplot(aes(score, total)) + annotate("rect", xmin = 65, xmax = 99, ymin = 0, ymax = 35000, alpha = .5) + geom_bar(stat = "identity", color = "black", fill = "#C4843C") image.png 添加文本注释 代码语言：javascript复制new_df %>% ggplot(aes(score, total)) + annotate("rect", xmin = 65, xmax = 99, ymin = 0, ymax = 35000, alpha = .5) + geom_bar(stat = "identity", color = "black", fill = "#C4843C") + annotate("text", x = 66, y = 28000, label = "MINIMUM\nREGENTS DIPLOMA\nSCORE IS 65", hjust = 0, size = 3) + annotate("text", x = 0, y = 12000, label = "2010 Regents scores on\nthe five most common tests", hjust = 0, size = 3) image.png 修改坐标轴刻度和位置 代码语言：javascript复制new_df %>% ggplot(aes(score, total)) + annotate("rect", xmin = 65, xmax = 99, ymin = 0, ymax = 35000, alpha = .5) + geom_bar(stat = "identity", color = "black", fill = "#C4843C") + annotate("text", x = 66, y = 28000, label = "MINIMUM\nREGENTS DIPLOMA\nSCORE IS 65", hjust = 0, size = 3) + annotate("text", x = 0, y = 12000, label = "2010 Regents scores on\nthe five most common tests", hjust = 0, size = 3)+ scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(5, 95, 5), limit = c(0,99)) + scale_y_continuous(position = "right") + ggtitle("Scraping By") + xlab("") + ylab("Number of tests") image.png 最后是对主题进行设置 代码语言：javascript复制new_df %>% ggplot(aes(score, total)) + annotate("rect", xmin = 65, xmax = 99, ymin = 0, ymax = 35000, alpha = .5) + geom_bar(stat = "identity", color = "black", fill = "#C4843C") + annotate("text", x = 66, y = 28000, label = "MINIMUM\nREGENTS DIPLOMA\nSCORE IS 65", hjust = 0, size = 3) + annotate("text", x = 0, y = 12000, label = "2010 Regents scores on\nthe five most common tests", hjust = 0, size = 3)+ scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(5, 95, 5), limit = c(0,99)) + scale_y_continuous(position = "right") + ggtitle("Scraping By") + xlab("") + ylab("Number of tests")+ theme_minimal() + theme(panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(), panel.grid.minor.x = element_blank(), axis.ticks.length = unit(-0.2, "cm"), plot.title = element_text(face = "bold")) image.png |
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