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1、无机化学专业英语词汇化学原理chemical principles气体，液体和溶液的性质the behaviors of gas ,liquid and solution理想气体定律ideal gas law道尔顿分压定律Daltons Law of Partial pressures液体的蒸汽压vapor pressure of liquid液体的凝固点freezing point of liquid 体系和环境system and surrounding 状态和状态函数states and state functions 化学热力学基础the basis of chemical therm

2、odynamics 化学平衡chemical equilibrium体系与状态system and state热力学定理law of thermodynamics热化学thermochemistry焓enthalpy 混乱度disorder熵entropy吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy化学平衡chemical equilibrium标准平衡常数standard equilibrium constant同离子效应the common ion effect缓冲溶液buffered solution 酸碱理论与电离平衡the theories of acids &bases and

3、ionization equilibrium盐的水解the hydrolysis of salts沉淀反应the precipitation reactions溶度积solubility product沉淀溶解平衡的移动equilibrium shift between precipitation and dissolution分步沉淀stepwise precipitation盐效应salt effect氧化还原反应oxidation and reduction reactions还原剂reducing agent or reducer or reductant 氧化剂oxidazing a

4、gent or oxidizer or oxidant 原电池galvanic cell负极，正极negative pole, positive pole阳极，阴极anode ,cathode 燃料电池fuel cell电化学electrochemistry电极电势electrode potential歧化反应disproportionation reaction 化学动力学基础the basis of chemical dynamics化学反应速率the rate of chemical reaction化学反应机理reaction mechanism化学反应活化能activation en

5、ergy of chemical reaction 动能kinetic energy基元反应elementary reaction一级反应first-order reaction零级反应zero-order reaction化学理论chemical theories原子结构the atomics structure元素周期律periodic system of elements原子内部structure in atom氢原子光谱the spectrum of atomic hydrogen 等电子原理isoelectronic principle电子构型electronic structure

6、 of atom价电子构型valance electronic configuration主量子数principal quantum number角量子数angular quantum number磁量子数magnetic quantum number能级energy levels原子核外电子的运动状态moving stations of electrons outer the atomic nucleus多电子原子结构structure in many-electron atoms周期系periodic system元素基本性质的周期性periodic properties of the e

7、lements化学键和分子，晶体结构chemical bonds and structures of molecules & crystals金属键和金属晶体metallic bond and metallic crystal离子键和离子晶体ionic bond and ionic crystal晶体学基础crystallographic foundation配位化合物的基本概念basic concepts of coordination compounds异构现象isomerism化学结构异构现象chemical structure isomerism电离异构体ionization isom

8、er溶剂合异构体solvent isomer配位异构体coordination isomer聚合异构体polymer isomer键连异构体linkage isomer立体异构现象steric isomerism几何异构现象geometrical isomerism光学异构现象optical isomerism手性分子chiral molecule配合物的化学键理论the chemical bond theories of complexes价键理论valance bond theory内轨型杂化inner hybridization内轨型配合物inner orbital coordinati

9、on外轨型杂化outer hybridization外轨型配合物outer orbital coordination配位平衡coordination equilibrium晶体场理论crystal field theory强场strong field弱场weak field配合物的稳定性stabilization of complex配合物的平衡常数equilibrium constant of complex配位化合物的应用application of coordination compounds配位催化coordination catalysis单基配体 unidentate ligand

10、多基配体multidentate ligand螯合物chelate 描述化学descriptive chemistry稀有气体the rare gases氢,碱金属和碱土元素hydrogen ,alkali and alkali-earth metals卤素the halogens100.过渡元素the transition elements电泳 Electrophoresis、紫外-可见光分光光度计 UV-Visible Spectrophotometer muriate of a metal :金属盐酸盐chloride of the metal :金属氯化物acetone 俗名:丙酮di

11、methyl ketone; 2-propanone :二甲基酮; 2-丙酮acid of sugar 俗名:食糖酸 oxalic acid 化学名:草酸，酢酸acid potassium sulfate 俗名:酸性硫酸钾potassium bisulfate :硫酸氢钾ackey 俗名:硝硫混合酸 nitric acid 化学名:硝酸alcali volatile 俗名:挥发性强碱 ammonium hydroxide :氢氧化铵alcohol sulfuris 俗名:硫化酒精 carbon disulfide 化学名:二硫化碳alum 俗名:明矾，矾 aluminum potassium

12、sulfate 化学名:硫酸铝钾alumina 俗名:矾土 aluminum oxide 化学名:氧化铝antichlor 俗名:阴氢剂 sodium thiosulfate 化学名:硫代硫酸钠antimony black 俗名:锑黑 antimony trisulfide 化学名:三硫化锑antimony bloom 俗名:锑华 antimony trioxide 化学名:三氧化锑antimony glance 俗名:辉锑矿 antimony trisulfide 化学名:三硫化锑antimony red (vermillion) 俗名:锑红antimony oxysulfide :氧硫化锑

13、aqua ammonia 俗名:氨水aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide 化学名:氢氧化铵水溶液aqua fortis 俗名:王水，镪水 nitric acid 化学名:硝酸aqua regia 俗名:王水 nitrohydrochloric acid 化学名:硝基氯化氢aromatic spirit of ammonia俗名:氨水香精 ammonia in alcohol 化学名:氨酒精溶液arsenic glass 俗名:砷玻璃 arsenic trioxide 化学名:三氧化砷asbestos 俗名:石棉 magnesium silicate 化学

14、名:硅酸镁aspirin 俗名:阿司匹林 acetylsalicylic acid 化学名:乙酰水杨酸azurite 俗名:蓝铜矿mineral form of basic copper carbonate :碳酸铜矿baking soda 俗名:发酵粉 sodium bicarbonate 化学名:二代碳酸钠banana oil (artificial)俗名:(人造)香蕉水 isoamyl acetate :异戊基醋酸barium white 俗名:白钡 barium sulfate 化学名:硫酸钡benzol 俗名:安息油 benzene 化学名:苯bicarbonate of soda

15、俗名:小苏打 sodium hydrogen carbonate or sodium bicarbonate 化学名:碳酸氢钠 bichloride of mercury 俗名: 汞氯化物 mercuric chloride 化学名:氯化汞bichrome 俗名:重铬酸钾 potassium dichromate 化学名:次铬酸钾bitter salt 俗名:泻盐 magnesium sulfate 化学名:硫酸镁black ash 俗名:黑灰crude form of sodium carbonate :天然碳酸钠black copper oxide 俗名:黑氧化铜 cupric oxide 化学名:氧化亚铜black lead 俗名:笔铅 graphite