Abstract The illustration is a very intuitive form of language expression in modern graphic design. It expresses character scenes, allegorical dialogues, etc. in the form of vivid paintings. Synthesizing the connotation and form of all aspects from literature to art. Illustration art pervades all areas of daily life. It can be said that its formal beauty has become a fashion trend in the decorative art world. Based on the back-propagation algorithm, this paper constructs a BPA-transformation model. Through comparative analysis, it can be seen that illustrations that are not integrated into the theme of Peking Opera have low story inclusion, only 45%. As for the illustrations that incorporate Peking Opera themes, the storyline is highly inclusive, accounting for 68%. Illustrations that incorporate traditional Peking Opera themes are highly realistic, up to 93%. Through comparative analysis, the integration of ink and wash artistic conception is relatively high. Ink illustrations are 40% more innovative.