在PPPoE拨号宽带上使用IPv6(Cisco路由器) |
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***本文于2019年1月成文,在2020年3月进行了修订,更正了部分配置命令的使用。
本地联通运营商已经开通了家用宽带的IPv6,通过单独电脑PPPoE拨号证实可用。 但是,显然现在几乎没有人用电脑直接拨号了。那么,如何能在不改变现有网络拓扑的情况下,让内网的客户机也用上IPv6呢? 答案很简单,就是在路由器上设置PD(Prefix Delegation,前缀委派)。 研究了一下,配置方法如下: ipv6 unicast-routingipv6 cefipv6 dhcp pool STATELESS //仅用于为内网“无状态自动配置”的IPv6客户端指派DNS,所以没有地址信息。 dns-server 2408:8000:6001:7000::8888 //DNS改成你所在运营商的 interface Vlan1 //内网(LAN)接口配置 ip address 172.16.0.1 255.255.255.0 //原有IPv4配置 ip nat inside //原有IPv4配置 ipv6 address isp ::1/64 //此处的“isp”是自定义的前缀名称。此处使用/64长度的前缀 ipv6 enable ipv6 nd other-config-flag //使用DHCPv6为内网客户端分配DNS ipv6 dhcp server STATELESS //指定DHCPv6地址池 ipv6 mtu 1280 //在内网接口设置IPv6的mtu,1280是最小值,视情况调整。 interface Dialer0 //外网(PPPoE)接口配置 ip address negotiated //原有IPv4配置 ip mtu 1492 //原有IPv4配置 ip nat outside //原有IPv4配置 encapsulation ppp ip tcp adjust-mss 1452 //原有IPv4配置 dialer pool 1 ipv6 address autoconfig default //目前本地联通的IPv6地址为无状态自动配置 ipv6 enable ipv6 mtu 1280 //最小为1280,依实际情况调整 ipv6 tcp adjust-mss 1000 //作用同IPv4下相同的命令。(需要IOS 15.3版本才支持) ipv6 dhcp client pd isp rapid-commit //启用PD功能,“isp”是自定义的前缀名称 ppp authentication pap callin ppp pap sent-username usr password 0 pwd interface FastEthernet0 //拨号用物理接口配置 no ip address pppoe enable group global pppoe-client dial-pool-number 1 ipv6 route ::/0 Dialer0 //IPv6的默认路由
验证配置: CORE01#show ipv6 interface brief Dialer0 [up/up] FE80::21B:AAAA:BBBB:CCCE 2408:3333:6666:9999:21B:AAAA:BBBB:CCCE //出于隐私考虑,地址已做修改…… Vlan1 [up/up] FE80::21B:AAAA:BBBB:CCCC //请注意:此处的link-local地址与Dialer0的不同 2408:3333:6688:7777::1 目前看来,2408开头是联通的IPv6,2409开头是移动LTE的IPv6。 CORE01#show ipv6 dhcp interface dialer 0 Dialer0 is in client mode //表示此接口当前工作在客户端模式 Prefix State is OPEN (0) //当前接口的DHCPv6客户端状态。OPEN表示已收到配置信息 Information refresh timer expires in 22:35:58 Renew will be sent in 22:35:58 Address State is IDLE List of known servers: //列出了此接口上的服务器 Reachable via address: FE80::A6DC:BEFF:FEF7:CD8C //DHCP服务器的地址 DUID: 0001000600AB8758A4DCBEF7CD8C //DHCP服务器的DUID(DHCP Unique Identifier) Preference: 255 Configuration parameters: IA PD: IA ID 0x00140001, T1 86400, T2 138240 Prefix: 2408:3333:6688:7777::/60 //联通给分配的前缀为/60 preferred lifetime 172800, valid lifetime 259200 expires at Jan 12 2019 02:45 PM (254159 seconds) DNS server: 2408:8000:6001:7000::8888 //联通给分配的DNS服务器 DNS server: 2408:8000:6001:7000::9999 Information refresh time: 0 Prefix name: isp //前缀池的名称 Prefix Rapid-Commit: disabled Address Rapid-Commit: disabled
CORE01#show ipv6 dhcp interface vlan 1 Vlan1 is in server mode //该接口工作于DHCPv6服务器模式 Using pool: STATELESS //使用的DHCPv6池 Preference value: 0 Hint from client: ignored Rapid-Commit: disabled
CORE01#show ipv int dialer 0 Dialer0 is up, line protocol is up IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::21B:AAAA:BBBB:CCCE No Virtual link-local address(es): Stateless address autoconfig enabled Global unicast address(es): 2408:3333:6666:9999:21B:AAAA:BBBB:CCCE, subnet is 2408:3333:6666:9999::/64 [EUI/CAL/PRE] valid lifetime 258820 preferred lifetime 172420 Joined group address(es): FF02::1 FF02::2 FF02::1:BCBB:CCCE MTU is 1280 bytes ICMP error messages limited to one every 100 milliseconds ICMP redirects are enabled ICMP unreachables are sent ND DAD is enabled, number of DAD attempts: 1 ND reachable time is 30000 milliseconds (using 30000) ND RAs are suppressed (periodic) Hosts use stateless autoconfig for addresses. //表示当前接口使用“无状态自动配置”分配IPv6地址
CORE01#show ipv int vlan 1 Vlan1 is up, line protocol is up IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::21B:AAAA:BBBB:CCCC No Virtual link-local address(es): General-prefix in use for addressing Global unicast address(es): 2408:3333:6688:7777::1, subnet is 2408:3333:6688:7777::/64 [CAL/PRE] valid lifetime 252857 preferred lifetime 166457 Joined group address(es): FF02::1 FF02::2 FF02::1:2 FF02::1:FF00:1 FF02::1:BCBB:CCCC FF05::1:3 MTU is 1500 bytes ICMP error messages limited to one every 100 milliseconds ICMP redirects are enabled ICMP unreachables are sent Input features: QoS classify QoS actions Service-policy input: PRE-CLASSIFY ND DAD is enabled, number of DAD attempts: 1 ND reachable time is 30000 milliseconds (using 30000) ND advertised reachable time is 0 (unspecified) ND advertised retransmit interval is 0 (unspecified) ND router advertisements are sent every 200 seconds ND router advertisements live for 1800 seconds ND advertised default router preference is Medium Hosts use stateless autoconfig for addresses. //此接口上(的内网电脑)使用无状态自动配置获取IPv6地址 Hosts use DHCP to obtain other configuration. //此接口上(的内网电脑)使用DHCPv6获取其他配置(如DNS服务器)
最后在电脑上用ipconfig /all看一下,是否正确获取了IPv6地址和DNS? 访问http://test-ipv6.com/,测试是否正常。
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尽管IPv6有MTU自动发现的能力,但在公网环境中并不是那么好用,经常会出现因MTU过大导致的丢包,最终引起页面加载慢、打不开等等问题。 笔者做测试的Cisco路由器因为平台太老(1800平台),不支持ipv6 tcp adjust-mss命令。 从ISR G2(1900/2900/3900)平台开始,最新版的IOS都可以支持ipv6 tcp adjust-mss命令,使用原则如ipv4下的类似命令。
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