先行词被theonly修饰是定语从句只能用that不能用which引导吗 |
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先⾏词被 theonly 修饰是定语从句只能⽤ that 不能⽤ which 引导吗 【问题探秘】有些情况下,为什么指物时,关系代词只能⽤ that ,不⽤ which ? 【问】最近,我们学习 “ 定语从句 ” 的⽤法,书中专门讲了⽤ that 不⽤ which 的情况。记忆起来感觉 ⽐较困难,⽽且容易混淆。⽼师,其中有什么规律或奥妙吗? 【答】⼀般语法书都涉及这个问题,当定语从句修饰 “ 物 ” 时,关系代词⽤ that 不⽤ which ,⼤致有 如下⼏种情况: 1. 当先⾏词本⾝是 all, everything, nothing, none, little, few 等代词时,关系代词⽤ that ,不⽤ which ,例如: In China, parents always do everything that they can to support their children. 在中国,⽗母总 是尽他们所能来抚养孩⼦。 I did nothing that might hurt you. 我没有做任何可能伤害你的事。 All that I need is only your advice. 我所需要的只是你的建议。 2. 当先⾏词被 all, every, no, little, few, the only, the very, the right (恰当的) , the last 等修饰时, 关系代词⽤ that ,不⽤ which ,例如: Chatting is the only thing that interests her most. 聊天是她唯⼀感兴趣的事情。 These messages are the very ones that I have been looking for. 这些就是我⼀直在寻找的信 息。 This is the last thing that I want to do. 这是我最不愿意做的事情。 3. 当先⾏词本⾝是序数词或形容词最⾼级,以及被序数词、形容词最⾼级修饰时,关系代词⽤ that ,不⽤ which ,例如: When it comes to Jinan, the first that comes to mind is the spring water. 谈到济南时,⾸先想到 的就是泉⽔。 That is the best film that has ever been shown so far in the city. 那是这座城市到⽬前为⽌放过的 最好的⼀部电影。 透过上述三种情况,我们发现:⼀旦先⾏词或者其修饰语表达了 ① 独⼀⽆⼆概念、
② 全部肯定 概念、
③ 完全否定概念,也就是说 “ ⽆需选择或者⽆法选择 ” 的时候,就不能使⽤关系代词 which ,因为 which 曾经是疑问代词 “ 哪⼀个 ” ,多少还保留着 “ 选择 ” 的意味。⽐⽅说, the only 表 ⽰ “ 唯⼀ ” , everything 表⽰ “ 所有的东西 ” , none 表⽰ “ 什么都没有 ” ,这些词语还需要选择吗?还 能选择吗?既然⽆法选择,那就⽤ that ,不⽤ which 。 |
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