Linux中将多块新硬盘合并成一个，挂载到/data目录下 |
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Linux中将多块新硬盘合并成一个，挂载到/data目录下
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需求： 将两块空硬盘合并为“一块”，挂载到指定目录（/data）下，达到在一个目录使用2块硬盘所有空间的效果。 使用 fdisk -l 命令查看当前系统中的硬盘，如下图： 现将两块硬盘合并成一块，挂载到/data目录下，具体方法如下： 1.创建pv pvcreate /dev/sdb # 硬盘1 pvcreate /dev/sdc # 硬盘2
PV(physical volume)即物理卷,就是物理磁盘,可以通过 fdisk -l 查看操作系统有几块硬盘 VG(volume group)即卷组,就是一组物理磁盘的组合,里面可以有一块硬盘也可以有多块硬盘 LV(logical volume)及逻辑卷,就是在VG(指定的物理磁盘组)里面划分出来的 可以说成是PV就是硬盘,而VG就是管理硬盘的操作系统,而LV就是操作系统分出来的各个分区. PV->VG->LV-> 文件系统使用(挂载到某个目录) 硬盘或分区做成pv，然后将pv或多个pv建立vg，vg上建立lv pvcreate :根据物理盘,创建pv pvscan :查询目前系统里的pv pvdisplay:显示pv的状态 pvremove:将pv属性移除 2.VGvgcreate:创建vg vgscan:查找当前系统里面的vg vgdisplay:显示当前系统vg的状态 vgextend:给vg添加额外的pv vgreduce:在vg内删除pv vgchange:设置vg是否是启动状态(active) vgremove:删除一个vg 3.LVlvcreate:创建lv lvscan:查询当前系统的lv lvdisplay:显示lv的属性 lvextend:给lv添加容量 lvredurce:给lv减少容量 lvremove:删除一个lv lvresize:对lv大小的容量进行调整 三.实际操作下面实际操作下,来看看 1.案例描述从下看到只是把sda这块硬盘用了,做了vg(vg_dsgdata),并且在vg(vg_dsgdata)下建了/dev/vg_dsgdata/lv_root, /dev/vg_dsgdata/lv_swap, /dev/vg_dsgdata/lv_home三个lv, 通过df -h看到/dev/mapper/vg_dsgdata-lv_root挂载在根目录/下,/dev/mapper/vg_dsgdata-lv_home挂载在/home目录下.从上述看,还剩余sdb,sdc,sdd三块硬盘没有使用 [root@dsgdata ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdc: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdd: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000a2d9e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 64 121602 976248832 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/vg_dsgdata-lv_root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_dsgdata-lv_swap: 8355 MB, 8355053568 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1015 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_dsgdata-lv_home: 937.6 GB, 937632464896 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 113993 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 [root@dsgdata ~]# [root@dsgdata ~]# pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda2 VG Name vg_dsgdata PV Size 931.02 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB Allocatable yes (but full) PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 238341 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 238341 PV UUID lPOKfO-HZ6y-4ubK-5TPk-FuB0-ypCU-y0mK1R [root@dsgdata ~]# [root@dsgdata ~]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name vg_dsgdata System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 4 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 3 Open LV 3 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 931.02 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 238341 Alloc PE / Size 238341 / 931.02 GiB Free PE / Size 0 / 0 VG UUID zQcZh0-2t6e-9LuM-zHnv-R0tG-sQDi-Ba3wLK [root@dsgdata ~]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/vg_dsgdata/lv_root LV Name lv_root VG Name vg_dsgdata LV UUID D7Z7jC-v0aK-fYJ5-AbcN-LmjX-nMEJ-dwpcm0 LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time dsgdata, 2014-03-05 17:59:43 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 50.00 GiB Current LE 12800 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:0 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/vg_dsgdata/lv_swap LV Name lv_swap VG Name vg_dsgdata LV UUID 0HrVlq-IS9g-hNH0-R1Sr-hvcd-BUI2-hkjfLh LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time dsgdata, 2014-03-05 18:00:00 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 7.78 GiB Current LE 1992 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:1 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/vg_dsgdata/lv_home LV Name lv_home VG Name vg_dsgdata LV UUID PC4IMN-Nvm3-UpaB-Em5I-NCvq-fzPF-MKcqOs LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time dsgdata, 2014-03-05 18:00:01 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 873.24 GiB Current LE 223549 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:2 [root@dsgdata ~]# [root@dsgdata ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_dsgdata-lv_root 50G 4.4G 43G 10% / tmpfs 3.9G 228K 3.9G 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 485M 40M 420M 9% /boot /dev/mapper/vg_dsgdata-lv_home 860G 200M 816G 1% /home [root@dsgdata ~]# 2.下面手工操作,创建增加减少删除关于pv,vg,lv的操作创建pv [root@dsgdata /]# pvcreate /dev/sdb Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created [root@dsgdata /]# pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda2 VG Name vg_dsgdata PV Size 931.02 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB Allocatable yes (but full) PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 238341 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 238341 PV UUID lPOKfO-HZ6y-4ubK-5TPk-FuB0-ypCU-y0mK1R "/dev/sdb" is a new physical volume of "931.51 GiB" --- NEW Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sdb VG Name PV Size 931.51 GiB Allocatable NO PE Size 0 Total PE 0 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 0 PV UUID MO29Sj-3lEd-Licp-BNxD-9qPH-v5y4-zLUNHI [root@dsgdata /]# pvscan PV /dev/sda2 VG vg_dsgdata lvm2 [931.02 GiB / 0 free] PV /dev/sdb lvm2 [931.51 GiB] Total: 2 [1.82 TiB] / in use: 1 [931.02 GiB] / in no VG: 1 [931.51 GiB] [root@dsgdata /]# [root@dsgdata /]# pvremove /dev/sdb Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully wiped [root@dsgdata /]# pvscan PV /dev/sda2 VG vg_dsgdata lvm2 [931.02 GiB / 0 free] Total: 1 [931.02 GiB] / in use: 1 [931.02 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ][root@dsgdata /]# pvcreate /dev/sdb Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created 3.创建VG [root@dsgdata /]# vgcreate DATA /dev/sdb Volume group "DATA" successfully created [root@dsgdata /]# [root@dsgdata /]# vgdisplay DATA --- Volume group --- VG Name DATA System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 1 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 0 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 931.51 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 238467 Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 Free PE / Size 238467 / 931.51 GiB VG UUID HhP6O7-sjLT-xzA7-YqLl-QsOJ-lQSM-3sN5VS [root@dsgdata /]#给VG添加或者减少容量： [root@dsgdata /]# pvcreate /dev/sdc Physical volume "/dev/sdc" successfully created [root@dsgdata /]# vgextend DATA /dev/sdc Volume group "DATA" successfully extended [root@dsgdata /]# vgdisplay DATA --- Volume group --- VG Name DATA System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 2 Metadata Sequence No 2 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 0 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 2 Act PV 2 VG Size 1.82 TiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 476934 Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 Free PE / Size 476934 / 1.82 TiB VG UUID HhP6O7-sjLT-xzA7-YqLl-QsOJ-lQSM-3sN5VS [root@dsgdata /]# vgreduce DATA /dev/sdc Removed "/dev/sdc" from volume group "DATA" [root@dsgdata /]# vgdisplay DATA --- Volume group --- VG Name DATA System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 3 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 0 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 931.51 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 238467 Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 Free PE / Size 238467 / 931.51 GiB VG UUID HhP6O7-sjLT-xzA7-YqLl-QsOJ-lQSM-3sN5VS [root@dsgdata /]# 4.创建LV,并挂载 [root@dsgdata /]# lvscan ACTIVE '/dev/vg_dsgdata/lv_root' [50.00 GiB] inherit ACTIVE '/dev/vg_dsgdata/lv_swap' [7.78 GiB] inherit ACTIVE '/dev/vg_dsgdata/lv_home' [873.24 GiB] inherit [root@dsgdata /]# lvcreate -n test -L 100G DATA Logical volume "test" created [root@dsgdata /]# lvscan ACTIVE '/dev/DATA/test' [100.00 GiB] inherit ACTIVE '/dev/vg_dsgdata/lv_root' [50.00 GiB] inherit ACTIVE '/dev/vg_dsgdata/lv_swap' [7.78 GiB] inherit ACTIVE '/dev/vg_dsgdata/lv_home' [873.24 GiB] inherit [root@dsgdata /]#在根目录下创建目录CXF [root@dsgdata /]# mkdir /cxf 对逻辑卷进行格式化： [root@dsgdata /]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/DATA/test mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 6553600 inodes, 26214400 blocks 1310720 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296 800 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 32 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. [root@dsgdata /]# 将逻辑卷/dev/DATA/test挂载到/cxf目录下: [root@dsgdata /]# mount /dev/DATA/test /cxf [root@dsgdata /]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_dsgdata-lv_root 50G 4.4G 43G 10% / tmpfs 3.9G 228K 3.9G 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 485M 40M 420M 9% /boot /dev/mapper/vg_dsgdata-lv_home 860G 200M 816G 1% /home /dev/mapper/DATA-test 99G 188M 94G 1% /cxf [root@dsgdata /]# |
系统中存在两块未分配的硬盘：/dev/sdb 和 /dev/sdc，共13G
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