摘要

山奈酚及其衍生物是天然存在的植物化学物质，具有良好的生物活性。这种黄酮醇可以减少人体内的脂质氧化，防止器官和细胞结构恶化，保护其功能完整性。这篇综述广泛强调了山奈酚的抗氧化、抗菌、抗癌、神经保护和肝脏保护活性。然而山奈酚水溶性差、生物利用度低，极大地限制了其应用。利用先进的递送系统可以提高其稳定性、功效和生物利用度。这是第一篇旨在全面整理有关山奈酚生物合成、作用机制、生物活性、生物利用度和毒理学潜力的重要信息的综述。此外，它还为提高山奈酚的生物利用度以实现广泛应用的未来方向提供了见解。

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Abstract

Kaempferol and its derivatives are naturally occurring phytochemicals with promising bioactivities. This flavonol can reduce the lipid oxidation in the human body, prevent the organs and cell structure from deterioration and protect their functional integrity. This review has extensively highlighted the antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activity of kaempferol. However, poor water solubility and low bioavailability of kaempferol greatly limit its applications. The utilization of advanced delivery systems can improve its stability, efficacy, and bioavailability. This is the first review that aimed to comprehensively collate some of the vital information published on biosynthesis, mechanism of action, bioactivities, bioavailability, and toxicological potential of kaempferol. Besides, it provides insights into the future direction on the improvement of bioavailability of kaempferol for wide applications.