adj. 轻微的，少量的；不重要的

vt. 轻视，忽略；怠慢

二

小寒介绍

Minor Cold is the 23rd solar term of the 24 traditional Chinese solar terms, begins this year on Jan 6 and ends on Jan 19. For most areas of China, it marks the start of the coldest days of the year.

小寒（Minor Cold）是二十四节气中的第二十三个节气，从今年的1月6日开始，至1月19日结束。对中国大部分地区来说，小寒的到来意味着一年中最冷的时段开始了。

There is an old saying in China that goes, "The days of the Sanjiu period are the coldest days." The "Sanjiu period" refers to the third nine-day period after the day of the Winter Solstice, which happens during Minor Cold. In fact, Minor Cold is normally the coldest period of winter.

古时候有"冷在三九"的说法。“三九”指冬至过后的第三个九天，而这段时间正处于小寒节气。事实上，小寒往往是冬季中最冷的时段。

According to China's meteorological records, North China is already in the coldest period of the year, as proved by the saying "Minor Cold is even colder than Major Cold". However, for most of the southern regions, the annual minimum temperature still falls during the Great Cold.

根据长期以来的气象记录，在中国北方地区小寒节气比大寒节气更冷，在北方有“小寒胜大寒”一说。但对于南方大部分地区，全球最低气温仍然会出现在大寒节气内。

For Chinese people, this time of year also sees preparation for the most important festival of the year: the Spring Festival. The last lunar month, also known as “Layue” usually begins around Minor Cold.

对于中国人来说，每年的此时也是为一年中最重要的节日——春节做准备的时候。农历的最后一个月，也被称为“腊月”，通常在小寒前后开始。

三

小寒三侯

1、一候·雁北乡

Wild geese start to return to the north

Wild geese that winter in the south would leave the warmest habitat and migrate northward in groups during Minor Cold.

小寒二阳之际，虽然是冰天雪地，但是阳气已动，因此候鸟大雁感阳，出现向北飞的迹象。

2、二候·鹊始巢

Magpies begin to nest

The magpies that are commonly seen in northern China would begin building nests for new fledglings.

禽鸟最早得知气候变化，此时喜鹊已得来年之气，开始衔草筑巢，准备孕育后代。

3、三候·雉始鸲

Pheasant starts to crow

During Minor Cold, pheasants would crow in search of a mate.

小寒世界，山中的野鸡也察觉到了阳气的滋长，开始鸣叫寻找同伴。

四

小寒习俗

1、置办年货

Stocking up for New Year

For Chinese people, this time of year also sees preparation for the most important festival of the year: the Spring Festival. The last lunar month, also known as “Layue” usually begins around Minor Cold. Bitter cold can't prevent people from enjoying their lives. Here are some things that help us stay warm during Minor Cold.

对于中国人来说，每年的此时也是为一年中最重要的节日——春节做准备的时候。农历的最后一个月，也被称为“腊月”，通常在小寒前后开始。但寒冷的天气并不能阻止人们享受生活、为即将到来的春节做准备。

During Minor Cold, people start stocking New Year goods, which include Spring Festival couplets, New Year pictures, paper-cuts for window decoration, fire crackers, incense and lanterns.

进入小寒年味渐浓，人们开始忙着写春联、剪窗花，赶集买年画、彩灯、鞭炮、香火等，陆续为春节做准备。

2、吃黄芽菜

Eating Huangyacai

There is a custom for Tianjin citizens to eat Huangya cai, a kind of Chinese cabbage during Minor Cold. It tastes well after getting pickled which also makes up a lack of fresh vegetables in winter during that time.

小寒吃黄芽菜，是天津的一项习俗。“黄芽菜”是白菜的一个旧称，因其菜心浅黄如嫩芽，故名“黄芽菜”。为方便保存，冬季人们还会将其腌制，做成“冬菜”。

There are large amounts of Vitamins A and B in huangyacai. As huangyacai is fresh and tender, it is fit for frying, roasting and braising.

黄芽菜富含维生素A和维生素B。它非常鲜嫩，适合炒、烧、焖等做法。

3、吃糯米饭

Eating sticky rice

Having a bowl of sticky rice on the morning of Minor Cold is a tradition in Guangzhou, capital city of Guangdong Province. Fried preserved pork, sausage and peanuts are usually chopped and mixed in the rice to enrich flavors.

在广东省会广州，小寒早上吃一碗糯米饭是一项传统习俗。人们通常将腊肉、香肠和花生米切碎炒熟，搅拌在糯米饭中，使其风味更佳。

According to tradition, the Cantonese eat glutinous rice in the morning during Minor Cold. Cantonese people add some fried preserved pork, sausage and peanuts and mix them into the rice. According to the theories of Traditional Chinese Medicine, glutinous rice has the effect of tonifying the spleen and stomach in the cold season.

按照传统，广东人在小寒期间的早上要吃糯米饭。他们会将一些煎好的腊猪肉、香肠和花生加到糯米饭中。根据中医理论，在寒冷季节糯米饭有补脾益胃的功效。

4、吃菜饭

Eating vegetable rice

In ancient times, people in Nanjing took Minor Cold quite seriously, but as time went by, the celebration of Minor Cold gradually faded. However, the custom of eating vegetable rice is still followed today.

古时，南京人对小寒很重视，但随着时间的推移，对小寒的庆祝逐渐消失了。不过，吃菜饭的习俗仍然沿用至今。

The rice is steamed and is unspeakably delicious. Among the ingredients, aijiaohuang (a kind of green vegetable), sausage and salted duck are the specialties in Nanjing.

这种米饭是蒸熟的，有一种无法言说的美味。它的配料矮脚黄（一种绿色蔬菜）、香肠和盐水鸭都是南京特产。

5、吃腊八粥

Eating Laba porridge

Laba porridge is an important traditional food for Minor Cold. It is made from more than 20 kinds of nuts, cereals and dried fruits. Local people in Beijing often cook Laba porridge on the night of the seventh day of the twelfth lunar month. After one night's slow simmering, all the ingredients melt into the porridge in the morning of the eighth day, becoming a warm delicacy to enjoy on cold days.

腊八粥是小寒的重要传统食物。它由20多种坚果、谷物和干果制成。北京当地人经常在腊月初七晚上煮腊八粥。经过一个晚上的慢炖，腊八早上，所有的食材都融化在粥里，成为寒冷天气里享用的温暖美味。

Laba porridge is not only easy to prepare, but also a nutritious winter food because it contains amino acids, protein, vitamins and other nutrition people need. Cooked nuts and dried fruit are good for soothing nerves, nourishing one's heart and vitality, and strengthening the spleen.

腊八粥不仅便于熬制，而且是一道营养成分颇高的美食，一碗地道的腊八粥几乎涵盖了人机体所需的所有蛋白质、维他命和其他营养成分，不同的成分可分别作用于人的神经、心肺、脾胃，对健康非常有益。

6、吃羊肉

Eating mutton

According to traditional Chinese medicine theories, people need to eat food that contains more yang energy to prevent cold from harming their organs，in which mutton is the most common.

俗语说“三九补一冬，来年无病痛”。寒冬时节，居民日常饮食偏重于暖性食物，其中以羊肉最为常见。

Mutton hot pot, chestnuts and baked sweet potato are three recommended foods for Minor Cold. The yang energy in the three types of food is strengthened through their method of cooking: boiling, stir frying and baking.

涮羊肉火锅、吃糖炒栗子、烤地瓜薯成为小寒“食”尚。这三种食物的能量通过其不同的烹饪方法得到加强：煮沸、翻炒和烘烤。

7、冰嬉

Ice play

In the northern provinces of China, the climate after winter is very cold, and the ice period will be very long, which usually from November to April. Between spring and winter, the river is thickly frozen, and you will use a climbing plough when walking on the ice. Most of the places with thick ice surfaces will have ice beds for pedestrians to play, and there are also ice skates racing on the ice surface, which was called ice play in ancient times.

我国北方的各省，在冬天之后天寒地坼，冰期会非常的久，动辄从11月起，直到次年4月。春冬之间，河面结冰厚实，冰上行走都会用爬犁。冰面特厚的地方，大多都会设有冰床，供行人来玩耍，也有穿冰鞋在冰面竞走的，古代的时候称为冰嬉。

8、腊祭

Offering a Sacrifice to the Ancestors

"Minor Cold" is the solar term of the lunar month. Since the ancients would hold a festival to worship all the gods in December, the December is called the lunar month. The literal meaning of “La” is "receiving", which means the handover between the old and the new. As one of the ancient sacrificial customs in China, the sacrificial ceremony was formed in the pre Qin period.

“小寒”是腊月的节气，由于古人会在十二月份举行合祀众神的腊祭，因此把腊祭所在的十二月叫腊月。腊的本义是“接”，取新旧交接之意。腊祭为我国古代祭祀习俗之一，远在先秦时期就已形成。

There are three meanings of "Lunar Month sacrifice". First, it means not forgetting the origin of oneself and his family, and expressing respect and remembrance for ancestors. The second is to sacrifice to hundreds of gods and thank them for their contribution to agriculture in the past year. Third, people work hard all the year round. At this time, farming has been stopped, so they can have fun.

“腊祭”含意取其有三，一是表示不忘记自己及其家族的本源，表达对祖先的崇敬与怀念。二是祭百神，感谢他们一年来为农业所作出的贡献。三是人们终岁劳苦，此时农事己息，借此游乐一番。

9、冬练

Winter training

Generally, Minor Cold is the coldest period in China, which is the best time for exercising and improving one’s physique. To keep warm, Chinese children have special games to play, such as hoop rolling and the cockfighting game.

中国有句老话：“冬练三九。”在锻炼前做好热身和保暖措施，最好选择日出后的时段锻炼身体，可起到强身健体的作用。小寒是锻炼和改善体格的最佳时期。孩子们会玩一些特别的游戏来保暖，如滚铁环和“斗鸡”。

五

节气养生

Traditional Chinese medicine believes that cold is Yin evil, and the coldest solar term is also the peak period of Yin evil. From the perspective of diet regimen, we should pay special attention to eating more warm food in the daily diet to supplement the body and prevent the invasion of cold climate on the human body. Daily food belongs to hot food mainly trout, pepper, cinnamon, pepper, etc; The warm foods are glutinous rice, sorghum rice and concanavalin.

中医认为寒为阴邪，最寒冷的节气也是阴邪最盛的时期，从饮食养生的角度讲，要特别注意在日常饮食中多食用一些温热食物以补益身体，防御寒冷气候对人体的侵袭。日常食物中属于热性的食物主要有鳟鱼、辣椒、肉桂、花椒等；属于温性的食物有糯米、高粱米、刀豆。

Here are some recipes suitable for small cold food: Angelica 20 g, ginger 30 g, mutton 500 g, rice wine and seasoning. Wash the mutton, cut it into pieces, add Angelica sinensis, ginger, yellow rice wine and seasoning, stew for 1-2 hours, eat meat and drink soup. It is suitable for people with deficiency of blood and Yang, such as mental fatigue, pale complexion, chilly limbs, etc.

下面介绍几个适合于小寒食用的食疗方：当归20克，生姜30克，羊肉500克，黄酒、调料适量。将羊肉洗净，切为碎块，加入当归、生姜、黄酒及调料，炖煮1～2小时，食肉喝汤。有温中补血、祛寒强身的作用，适用于神疲乏力、面色苍白、畏寒肢冷等血虚及阳虚的人群。

六

小寒相关文化

Xiao Han is around March 9. As the saying goes, "it's cold in March 9", the degree of its severe cold can be imagined. The popular meteorological proverbs in various places can be used as evidence. For example, in North China there is a saying that "little cold, great cold, dripping water into ice", and in South China there is a saying that "little cold, great cold, cold into ice". Although it is cold every year, the cold situation is not the same.

小寒正处三九前后，俗话说：“冷在三九”，其严寒程度也就可想而知了，各地流行的气象谚语，可做佐证。如华北一带有“小寒大寒，滴水成冰”的说法，江南一带有“小寒大寒，冷成冰团”的说法。每年的大寒小寒虽说寒冷，但寒冷的情况也不尽相同。

In some years, the little cold is not very cold, which often indicates that the big cold is going to be cold. There are many proverbs to predict the future weather according to the cold and warm conditions of Xiaohan. Such as "little cold weather is hot, big cold don't say", "little cold is not cold, Qingming quagmire", "little cold is very cold, next spring is warm", "little cold is warm, spring snow", "little cold is cold, stung warm" and so on.

有的年份小寒不是很冷，这往往预示大寒要冷，广西群众有“小寒不寒寒大寒”的谚语。根据小寒的冷暖情况预示未来天气的谚语不少。如“小寒天气热，大寒冷莫说”、“小寒不寒，清明泥潭”、“小寒大寒寒得透，来年春天天暖和”、“小寒暖，立春雪”、“小寒寒，惊蛰暖”等。

We know that the coldest time of the year is from the little cold to the big cold, so we should pay attention to keeping warm in our daily life. When you go out, you must wear warm clothes. When the wind is strong, people with weak constitution should also wear hats and masks. Go to bed early and get up late every day. Try not to stay up late. It's better to go to bed at 9-11 PM.

我们知道，小寒过后到大寒是全年最冷的时段，因此起居上就要注意保暖。外出时，一定要穿好防寒保暖的衣服，风大的时候，体质较弱的人还应戴上帽子和口罩。每天要早睡晚起，尽量不熬夜，最好在晚上9-11点上床入睡。

七

英文怎么表达“冷”？

1、常见例句

The bathroom gets chillyin the winter.

冬天浴室变得很冷。

She opened the window and I was hit by an icy blast of air.

她打开窗户，一阵刺骨的寒风向我袭来。

He leant forward to protect himself against thebiting wind.

他佝偻着身体以避寒风。

Wrap up warmly- it's bitter outside.

穿暖和些——外面特别冷。

The evening was cold and raw.

那个晚上寒冷刺骨。

Walking home in the snow, we got chilled to the bone.

我们蹚着雪往家走，快要冻僵了。

It was a cold and frostymorning.

那是个天寒地冻的早晨。

It's a bit parky today, love - you'll want your coat!

亲爱的，外面有点冷，你穿件外套吧！

I'm frozen- could you close the window?

我冻僵了都，你可以关下窗吗？

It's freezing in here - can I close the window?

这儿冷极了——我把窗户关上可以吗？

2、“多穿点”用英语怎么说？

（1）layer up

layer [ˈleɪə] 是“层”的意思，layer up就是多穿几层（别穿那么单薄）。名词或代词可放在中间哦！

It s cold outside. Layer up. 外面很冷。多穿点。

Layer this coat up. 把这件外套加上。

类似的表达还有：

（2）bundle up

bundle [ˈbʌndl] 是 “捆， 裹” bundle up就是裹起来，穿严实一点。名词或代词可放在中间哦！

You'd better bundle yourself up to against the cold wind.

你最好多穿点来抵御寒风。

☛本句中的You'd better do sth表示“你最好做某事”后用 动词原形哦！

让别人多穿点，有一种很温暖的， 表示关心的表达，可以说：

（3）Stay warm：注意保暖， 多穿点

Mom, it s getting colder and colder. Stay warm.

妈妈，天气越来越冷了。您注意保暖。

☛本句中的colder and colder 表示越来越冷，是一个比较级的结构，即“比较级+and+比较级”，表示“越来越......”

3、“我冷死了”用英语怎么说？

I'm （freezing）cold. 我冻僵了。

freezing就是“极冷的“， 比cold更冷， 往往是天气到了冰点以下。

I'm freezing my toes/hands/nose.

我的脚趾头/手/鼻子都要冻掉了。

I can't feel my feet. 我的脚都冻木了。

I'm frozen.我冻僵了。

☛freeze [friːz] vt.使冻结；使结冰；使冻住;冷冻;使冻僵；

4、"天气冷“用英语怎么说？

It's cold today. ✔

Today is cold. ❌

☛在英语中，常用it 来指代时间、天气、温度或距离，因此这里说天气冷要用第一种表达哦！

It's freezing cold. 冷死了。

frosty [ˈfrɒstɪ] 有霜的

It's frosty. 今天有霜。

icy [ˈaɪsɪ] 有冰的

It's an icy world. 这是一个冰雪世界。

八

小寒诗词

1、The Xiaohan chill comes carried on the wind, readying itself to bring the fragrance of spring to the world.

小寒料峭，一番春意换年芳。

2、Tomorrow is at the window, but the mume tree has yet to bloom.

来日绮窗前，寒梅著花未。

3、One who has never tasted bitter, does not know sweet.

不经一番寒彻骨，怎得梅花扑鼻香？

4、t's very cold, but it's cold when there's no wind.

大寒小寒，无风自寒。

5、中文诗歌

Plum Blossoms (by Wang Anshi)

There are a few sprays of plum blossoms in the corner.

They are blooming alone in the cold wind.

Why do I know they are not snowflakes though viewing from the distance?

That's because of the secret fragrance that they send out.

梅花（王安石）

墙角数支梅，

凌寒独自开。

遥知不是雪，

为有暗香来。

6、英文诗歌

（1）Frozen Dream

冰冻的梦

I'll take the dream I had last night

And put it in my freezer,

So someday long and far away

When I'm an old grey geezer 1),

I'll take it out and thaw it out 2),

This lovely dream I've frozen,

And boil it up and sit me down

And dip my old cold toes in.

I'll take the dream I had last night

And put it in my freezer,

So someday long and far away

When I'm an old grey geezer 1),

I'll take it out and thaw it out 2),

This lovely dream I've frozen,

And boil it up and sit me down

And dip my old cold toes in.

我要把昨晚做的梦

放进我的冰箱里，

在未来某个遥远的日子里

当我头发斑白，垂垂老去，

我会将它取出、解冻，

将这个冰冻过的美梦

慢慢煮沸，然后坐下

放入我冰冷老迈的脚趾头。

我要把昨晚做的梦

放进我的冰箱里，

在未来某个遥远的日子里

当我头发斑白，垂垂老去，

我会将它取出、解冻，

将这个冰冻过的美梦

慢慢煮沸，然后坐下

放入我冰冷老迈的脚趾头。

（辛献云译）

（2）O, Wind. If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?

—— by Percy Bysshe Shelley

哦，风啊！冬天已经来到，春天还会远吗？

—— 雪莱（英国诗人）

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