定语从句什么时候用whom.who.which,that

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定语从句什么时候用whom.who.which,that

2024-07-15 10:32| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

同学你好,该知识点来自沪江网校《英语零基础直达大学四级【爆款特惠班】》的课程,想要更系统的学习,欢迎进入课程学习。不仅可以和更多的同学一起学习,而且还有老师、助教随时的学习指导和知识点解答哦。

同学你好~

这几个关系词的用法的确有点复杂,只要同学分条理清楚,慢慢记忆,多多练习一定能记清楚哒~

定语从句 that 和 which、who (whom)用法如下:

whom 和 who 的区别:

两者均只用于人,从理论上说,who 为主格,whom为宾格,但实际上,除非在正式文体中,宾格关系代词 whom 往往省略不用,或用who或that代之。

如:

The man (that, who, whom) you met just now is called Jim. 你刚遇见的那个人叫吉姆。

不过,值得注意的是,直接跟在介词后面作宾语时,只能用 whom,而且不能省略。

如:

She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before. 她带了3个朋友来,我以前都没见过。

另外,引导非限制性定语从句且作宾语时,who 和 whom均可用,但以用 whom 为佳,此时也不能省略。

如:

This is Jack, who [whom] you haven’t met before. 这是杰克,你以前没见过。

that 和 which 的用法区别:

在定语从句中,关系代词 which 和 that都可指物,一般情况下,可以互换使用。但在下列情况下值得注意:

A. 只能用that而不能用which的情形

(1) 当先行词为:all, little, few, much, none 及 some-, any-, no-, every- 与 thing 所组成的复合单词时,只能用that。

如:

There is nothing that will stop us making progress. 没有事情会阻止我们进步。

(2) 当先行词前面有 only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very 等形容词修饰时,只能用that。

如:

This is the only problem that we can't work out. 这是我们不能解决的唯一的一个问题。

(3) 当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that。

如:

This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。

(4) 当先行词同时包括人和物时,只能用that。

如:

Luxun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great. 人们认为我们所熟识的鲁迅及其作品都很伟大。

(5) 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时,只能用that。

如: This is a book that I have been looking for since last week. 这就是那本自上周以来我一直在寻找的书。

(6) 当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时,只能用that。

如:

Which is the picture that you drew yesterday? 你昨天画的那张画是哪一张?

B. 只能用which而不能用that的情形

(1) 当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时,只能用which。

如:

The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is missing. 那个铅笔盒,我上周买的,现在不见了。

(2) 关系代词前面有介词时,只能用which。

如:

The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down. 我们过去常在下面休息的那棵树已砍掉了。

(3) 先行词为代词that或that所修饰时,只能用which。

如:

I don’t take that which is too expensive. 我不要太贵的那一个。

who (whom) 和that的用法区别详解:

在定语从句中,关系代词who (whom) 和that都可指人和物,在一般情况下,可以互换使用,但在下列情况下值得注意:

一、用who (whom) 而不用that的情形

(1) 在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时,只能用who (whom)。

如:

My sister, who is studying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas. 我姐姐,她在国外学习,就在圣诞节前给我寄来了漂亮的礼物。

(2) 当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时,只能用who (whom)。

如:

Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? 你认识黑板前面正在给学生们讲话的那位女孩子吗?

(3) 当先行词为people和those时,只能用who (whom)。

如:

Those who want to go there come here please. 那些想去那儿的人请来这边。

(4) 当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人) 时,只能用who (whom)。

如: Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。

(5) 先行词指人,而关系代词在从句中作主语时,一般多用who。

如: The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days. 昨天来这儿的那个人说过几天他会再来。

(6) 在there be句型中名词的定语从句多用who (whom)。

如:

There are students in our class who / whom you have met. 我们班有些学生你见过。

(7) 当句子中有两个指人的现行词分别带有两个定语从句时,若一个定语从句的引导词为that, 那么,另一个定语从句的引导词必定为who。

如: The boy that you met just now is Li Ming’s brother who just graduated from a university. 刚才你会到的那个男孩是李明的'刚从大学毕业的弟弟。

二、用that 而不用who (whom)的情形

(1) 当先行词前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,引导词只能用that。

如:

The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shandong. 在为我们队踢足球的最高哪个运动员来自山东。

(2) 当先行词前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very形容词修饰时,引导词只能用that。

如:

He is the only student that said “no” to the teacher. 他是唯一的一个对老师说“不”的学生

(3) 当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时,引导词只能用that。

如:

Who is woman that you talked with just now? 刚才跟你谈话的那位妇女是谁?

(4) the same as与the same that the same as所引导定语从句的内容与先行词同类而不同物;the same that表示所引导的从句内容与先行词同类同物,即:同一事物。

如:

She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago. 她正穿着我几天前所丢失的上衣。(暗含:她偷了我的上衣) She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few days ago. 她正穿着跟我几天前所丢失的上衣同样的上衣。(暗含:她所穿的上衣不是我所丢失的那一件)

期待助助的回答能帮到同学~祝学习进步~



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