关于linux下安装oracle之后,重启系统后oracle不能正常启动的配置总结 |
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一、linux下无法启动sqlplus 问题描述: [root@localhost oracle]# su - oracle [oracle@localhost oracle]$ sqlplus "as/sysdba" -bash: sqlplus: command not found [oracle@localhost oracle]$ /u01/app/oracle/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/bin/sqlplus Error 6 initializing SQL*Plus Message file sp1.msb not found SP2-0750: You may need to set ORACLE_HOME to your Oracle software directory [oracle@localhost oracle]$ 解决方法:
由于环境变量没有设置导致的。可以编辑.profile文件可以进行环境变量设置的。 打开/etc/profile底部插入
export ORACLE_SID=demo1(数据库实例id) export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1 export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin 保存关闭,重启系统或执行source /ect/profile设置立即生效。 二、启动数据库实例,分为两步:第一步,启动监听;第二步,启动数据库实例。 1.进入到sqlplus启动实例 [oracle@redhat ~]$ su - oracle --“切换到oracle用户” Password: [oracle@redhat ~]$ lsnrctl start --“打开监听” LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 14-OCT-2009 19:06:40 Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Starting /home/oracle/product/10g/bin/tnslsnr: please wait... TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production System parameter file is /home/oracle/product/10g/network/admin/listener.ora Log messages written to /home/oracle/product/10g/network/log/listener.log Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC2))) Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=redhat)(PORT=1522))) Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC2))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production Start Date 14-OCT-2009 19:06:40 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /home/oracle/product/10g/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /home/oracle/product/10g/network/log/listener.log Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC2))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=redhat)(PORT=1522))) Services Summary... Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s). Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully [oracle@redhat ~]$ sqlplus /nolog --“进入到sqlplus” SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Oct 14 19:06:45 2009 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. SQL> conn /as sysdba --“连接到sysdba” Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup --“启动数据库实例” ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes Fixed Size 1218968 bytes Variable Size 88082024 bytes Database Buffers 188743680 bytes Redo Buffers 7168000 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> shutdown immediate --“关闭数据库实例” Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> exit Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options [oracle@redhat ~]$ lsnrctl stop --“关闭监听” LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 14-OCT-2009 19:08:06 Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC2))) The command completed successfully
2.用dbstart和dbshut启动和关闭数据库实例 先启动监听 lsnrctl start 启动实例 dbstart 使用dbstart命令启动数据库比较方便,但是在linux上安装好oracle之后,第一次使用dbstart命令可能会报如下错误: Failed to auto-start Oracle Net Listene using /ade/vikrkuma_new/oracle/bin/tnslsnr 看起来貌似是监听没有起来,可是实际上,监听可以成功启动。 我们来看一下dbstart脚本,该脚本放在$ORACLE_HOME/bin下面。 搜索dbstart里面的tnslsnr: grep tnslsnr dbstart 返回结果: if [ -f $ORACLE _HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnr ] ; then echo "Failed to auto-start Oracle Net Listene using $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnr" 返回结果中发现有$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER变量,有可能是该变量的路径不对,我们继续搜索ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER grep ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER dbstart 返回结果: # 3) Set ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=/ade/vikrkuma_new/oracle if [ ! $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER ] ; then echo "ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-start Oracle Net Listener" LOG=$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/listener.log if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnr ] ; then $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctl start >> $LOG 2>&1 & export VER10LIST=`$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctl version | grep "LSNRCTL for " | cut -d' ' -f5 | cut -d'.' -f1` echo "Failed to auto-start Oracle Net Listene using $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnr" $LOGMSG "Restart Oracle Net Listener using an alternate ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER: lsnrctl start" 我们发现ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=/ade/vikrkuma_new/oracle 中,指定的路径不对,需要对这一行重新编辑,使其路径制定到$ORACLE_HOME 用vi编辑dbstart,将ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=/ade/vikrkuma_new/oracle更改为 export ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME 然后保存退出,此时再运行dbstart,已经不报错了,但是没有任何反应,ps一下进程,没有oracle的进程,说明oracle实例没有正常启动。 dbstop 同上设置。 此时的原因是在/etc/oratab的设置问题,我们cat一下,发现 demo1:/home/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_!:N 最后设置的是"N"(我的环境中只有一个实例,因此只有一行配置语句),我们需要把“N”修改为“Y”。 以上的工作做好之后,dbstart就可以正常使用了: [oracle@redhat bin]$ lsnrctl start --“启动监听” LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 14-OCT-2009 19:44:53 Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Starting /home/oracle/product/10g/bin/tnslsnr: please wait... TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production System parameter file is /home/oracle/product/10g/network/admin/listener.ora Log messages written to /home/oracle/product/10g/network/log/listener.log Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC2))) Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=redhat)(PORT=1522))) Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC2))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production Start Date 14-OCT-2009 19:44:53 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /home/oracle/product/10g/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /home/oracle/product/10g/network/log/listener.log Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC2))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=redhat)(PORT=1522))) Services Summary... Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s). Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully [oracle@redhat bin]$ dbstart --“启动数据库实例” Processing Database instance "zgz": log file /home/oracle/product/10g/startup.log [oracle@redhat bin]$ dbshut --“关闭数据库实例” [oracle@redhat bin]$ lsnrctl stop --“关闭监听” LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 14-OCT-2009 19:45:33 Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC2))) The command completed successfully 三、如何使数据库实例和linux系统一起启动 在/etc/rc.d/rc.local中加入如下语句即可实现同系统启动实例: su - oracle -c "lsnrctl start" su - oracle -c "dbstart" 四、oracle em(enterprise managment) 打不开 问题描述: http://localhost.localdomain:1158/em 提示该页无法显示。 解决方法: --检查dbconsole服务是否启动,如果没启动执行2,3 1.emctl status dbconsole --设置ORACLE_SID --2.SET ORACLE_SID=&ORACLE_SID(我没执行这个,因为在/etc/profile里设置了export ORACLE_SID=demo1) --启动DBCONSOLE 3.emctl start dbconsole --设置好ORACLE_SID后输入EMCTL可以查看到此命令的帮助 五、启动isqlplus [oracle@graduate ~]$ isqlplusctl start iSQL*Plus 10.2.0.1.0 Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. warning, got duplicate tcp line. Starting iSQL*Plus ... iSQL*Plus started. |
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