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这篇教程主要介绍如何使用摄像头还有相册，还介绍如何将获取到的照片上传至服务器保存（这里主要是用到了阿里云的对象存储OSS服务） 应用场景：APP中“我的”界面或者“个人中心”界面，个人头像选择及存储问题！ 一、前端创建Android项目1、布局文件
2、AndroidManifest.xml申请权限
android:requestLegacyExternalStorage=“true”:targetSdkVersion30就加上这句话，还有网络权限，还需要在配置一下android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config"network_security_config.xml
3、Avatarupload.javapublic class Avatarupload extends AppCompatActivity {
public static final int TAKE_PHOTO = 1;
public static final int CHOOSE_PHOTO = 2;
private ImageView picture;
private Button takePhoto;
private Button chooseFromAlbum;
private Uri imageUri;
private String imagePath = null;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_avatarupload);
takePhoto = (Button) findViewById(R.id.take_photo);
chooseFromAlbum = (Button) findViewById(R.id.choose_from_album);
picture = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.picture);
takePhoto.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// 创建File对象，用于存储拍照后的图片
File outputImage = new File(getExternalCacheDir(), "output_image.jpg");
try {
if (outputImage.exists()) {
outputImage.delete();
}
outputImage.createNewFile();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 24) {
imageUri = Uri.fromFile(outputImage);
} else {
imageUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(Avatarupload.this, "com.example.cameraalbumtest.fileprovider", outputImage);
}
// 启动相机程序
Intent intent = new Intent("android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE");
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imageUri);
startActivityForResult(intent, TAKE_PHOTO);
}
});
chooseFromAlbum.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(Avatarupload.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(Avatarupload.this, new String[]{ Manifest.permission. WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE }, 1);
} else {
openAlbum();
}
}
});
}
private void openAlbum() {
Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.GET_CONTENT");
intent.setType("image/*");
startActivityForResult(intent, CHOOSE_PHOTO); // 打开相册
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
switch (requestCode) {
case 1:
if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
openAlbum();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "You denied the permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
break;
default:
}
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
switch (requestCode) {
case TAKE_PHOTO:
if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
try {
// 将拍摄的照片显示出来
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(getContentResolver().openInputStream(imageUri));
picture.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
break;
case CHOOSE_PHOTO:
if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
// 判断手机系统版本号
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19) {
// 4.4及以上系统使用这个方法处理图片
handleImageOnKitKat(data);
} else {
// 4.4以下系统使用这个方法处理图片
handleImageBeforeKitKat(data);
}
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
@TargetApi(19)
private void handleImageOnKitKat(Intent data) {
Uri uri = data.getData();
Log.d("TAG", "handleImageOnKitKat: uri is " + uri);
if (DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(this, uri)) {
// 如果是document类型的Uri，则通过document id处理
String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
if("com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())) {
String id = docId.split(":")[1]; // 解析出数字格式的id
String selection = MediaStore.Images.Media._ID + "=" + id;
imagePath = getImagePath(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, selection);
} else if ("com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())) {
Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(docId));
imagePath = getImagePath(contentUri, null);
}
} else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
// 如果是content类型的Uri，则使用普通方式处理
imagePath = getImagePath(uri, null);
} else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
// 如果是file类型的Uri，直接获取图片路径即可
imagePath = uri.getPath();
}
System.out.println("imagePath路径："+imagePath);
displayImage(imagePath); // 根据图片路径显示图片
}
private void handleImageBeforeKitKat(Intent data) {
Uri uri = data.getData();
String imagePath = getImagePath(uri, null);
displayImage(imagePath);
}
private String getImagePath(Uri uri, String selection) {
String path = null;
// 通过Uri和selection来获取真实的图片路径
Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(uri, null, selection, null, null);
if (cursor != null) {
if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
path = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA));
}
cursor.close();
}
return path;
}
private void displayImage(String imagePath) {
if (imagePath != null) {
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imagePath);
picture.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "failed to get image", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
//TODO
public void upload(View view) {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// File file = new File("/storage/emulated/0/Tencent/QQ_Images/-1a45eb02c89a3895.jpg");
File file = new File(imagePath);
System.out.println("测试返回结果imagePath:"+imagePath);
OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
RequestBody body = new MultipartBody.Builder()
.setType(MultipartBody.FORM)
.addFormDataPart("file", file.getName(), MultipartBody.create(MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"), new File(imagePath)))
.build();
String url = "http://ip:8001/server/fileoss";
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.post(body)
.build();
okHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
@Override
public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
}
@Override
public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
String result = response.body().string();
Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().create();
ResultGson resultGson = gson.fromJson(result, ResultGson.class);
System.out.println("测试返回结果："+result);
System.out.println("测试返回结果："+resultGson);
System.out.println("测试返回结果："+resultGson.getData());
System.out.println("测试返回结果："+resultGson.getCode());
System.out.println("测试返回结果："+resultGson.getData().get("url"));
}
});
}
}).start();
}
}这里我先打开相册。然后选中照片，并在imageView里显示出来，然后再在点击上传，通过后端的接口，将照片上传至服务器中。日志显示成功！ 
4、阿里云OSS服务打开阿里云的OSS服务，发现存储成功。 
二、后端搭建这里新建一个Springboot项目。这里可以去参照《Android使用OKhttp3实现登录注册功能+springboot搭建后端》，我也是在这个基础上继续搭建的。主要修改以下这些代码。 
1、application.properties# 服务端口
server.port=8001
# 服务名
spring.application.name=heartrate
# 环境设置：dev、test、prod
spring.profiles.active=dev
# mysql数据库连接
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://ip:3310/heartrate?serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&useSSL=false
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=123456
#返回json的全局时间格式
spring.jackson.date-format=yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
spring.jackson.time-zone=GMT+8
#mybatis日志//要使用logback日志，就需要注释掉
mybatis-plus.configuration.log-impl=org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl
#配置mapper xml文件的路径
mybatis-plus.mapper-locations=classpath:com/atguigu/eduservice/mapper/xml/*.xml
#阿里云 OSS
#不同的服务器，地址不同
aliyun.oss.file.endpoint=oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com
aliyun.oss.file.keyid=keyid
aliyun.oss.file.keysecret=keysecret
#bucket可以在控制台创建，也可以使用java代码创建
aliyun.oss.file.bucketname=ahuwhq这里换成自己阿里云申请到的keyid和keysecret 2、OssServicepublic interface OssService {
//上传头像到oss
String uploadFileAvatar(MultipartFile file);
}3、OssServiceImpl@Service
public class OssServiceImpl implements OssService {
//上传头像到oss
@Override
public String uploadFileAvatar(MultipartFile file) {
// 工具类获取值
String endpoint = ConstantPropertiesUtils.END_POINT;
String accessKeyId = ConstantPropertiesUtils.ACCESS_KEY_ID;
String accessKeySecret = ConstantPropertiesUtils.ACCESS_KEY_SECRET;
String bucketName = ConstantPropertiesUtils.BUCKET_NAME;
try {
// 创建OSS实例。
OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, accessKeyId, accessKeySecret);
//获取上传文件输入流
InputStream inputStream = file.getInputStream();
System.out.println("文件输入流："+file.getInputStream());
System.out.println("文件输入流："+file.getContentType());
//获取文件名称
String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
System.out.println("文件名称："+file.getOriginalFilename());
//1 在文件名称里面添加随机唯一的值
String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replaceAll("-","");
// yuy76t5rew01.jpg
fileName = uuid+fileName;
//2 把文件按照日期进行分类
//获取当前日期
// 2019/11/12
String datePath = new DateTime().toString("yyyy/MM/dd");
//拼接
// 2019/11/12/ewtqr313401.jpg
fileName = datePath+"/"+fileName;
//调用oss方法实现上传
//第一个参数 Bucket名称
//第二个参数 上传到oss文件路径和文件名称 aa/bb/1.jpg
//第三个参数 上传文件输入流
ossClient.putObject(bucketName,fileName , inputStream);
// 关闭OSSClient。
ossClient.shutdown();
//把上传之后文件路径返回
//需要把上传到阿里云oss路径手动拼接出来
// https://edu-guli-1010.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/01.jpg
String url = "https://"+bucketName+"."+endpoint+"/"+fileName;
return url;
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
}4、ConstantPropertiesUtils.java/**
* 常量类，读取配置文件application.properties中的配置
*/
@Component
//@PropertySource("classpath:application.properties")
public class ConstantPropertiesUtils implements InitializingBean {
@Value("${aliyun.oss.file.endpoint}")
private String endpoint;
@Value("${aliyun.oss.file.keyid}")
private String keyId;
@Value("${aliyun.oss.file.keysecret}")
private String keySecret;
@Value("${aliyun.oss.file.bucketname}")
private String bucketName;
public static String END_POINT;
public static String ACCESS_KEY_ID;
public static String ACCESS_KEY_SECRET;
public static String BUCKET_NAME;
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
END_POINT = endpoint;
ACCESS_KEY_ID = keyId;
ACCESS_KEY_SECRET = keySecret;
BUCKET_NAME = bucketName;
}
}5、OssController.java@RestController
@RequestMapping("/server/fileoss")
//@CrossOrigin
public class OssController {
@Autowired
private OssService ossService;
//上传头像的方法
@PostMapping
public R uploadOssFile(MultipartFile file) {
//获取上传文件 MultipartFile
//返回上传到oss的路径
String url = ossService.uploadFileAvatar(file);
return R.ok().data("url",url);
}
}6、MainApplication.java@SpringBootApplication
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.message"})
public class MainApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MainApplication.class, args);
}
}这样就可以启动这个项目了。打开swagger进行测试 
，然后使用maven打包，上传至服务器就可以了。
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