Mac 最强大的终端工具之 iTerm2 详解

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Mac 最强大的终端工具之 iTerm2 详解

2023-10-21 21:44| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

iTerm2 介绍

iTerm2 是一款功能强大的终端工具,也可以说是 Terminal 的替代品,也可以说是 iTerm 的后继产品。它适用于 macOS 10.12 或更高版本的 macOS。

它支持分窗口操作、自动补齐、粘贴历史、回放功能、全屏等功能,是一款非常强大、非常值得推荐的终端工具。

安装 iTerm2可以去 iTerm2 官网,下载并安装。$ brew cask install iterm2可以直接使用 Homebrew 进行安装:

注意:

如果你的 Mac 上没有安装 brew 命令,请先执行如下命令进行安装:

$ /usr/bin/ruby -e ;$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install);配置 iTerm2 主题

iTerm2 最常用的主题是 Solarized Dark theme,下载地址:https://ethanschoonover.com/solarized

下载的是压缩文件,你先解压一下,然后打开 iTerm2,按 【Command + , 】键,打开 Preferences 配置界面,然后 Profiles -> Colors -> Color Presets -> Import,选择刚才解压的 solarized -> iterm2-colors-solarized -> Solarized Dark.itermcolors 文件,导入成功,最后选择 Solarized Dark 主题,就可以了,如下所示:

该工具主题有很多,可以根据自己的爱好进行选择。

配置 oh-my-zsh

oh-my-zsh 是对主题的进一步扩展,Github 地址:https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh

你可以通过 curl 或 wget 命令进行安装:

curl 安装sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"wget 安装sh -c ;$(wget -O- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh);

例如,我这里通过 curl 命令进行安装:

$ sh -c ;$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh); Cloning Oh My Zsh... xcode-select: note: no developer tools were found at '/Applications/Xcode.app', requesting install. Choose an option in the dialog to download the command line developer tools. Error: git clone of oh-my-zsh repo failed Eason:Library linan$ sh -c ;$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh); Cloning Oh My Zsh... Cloning into '/Users/linan/.oh-my-zsh'... remote: Enumerating objects: 1089, done. remote: Counting objects: 100% (1089/1089), done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (1030/1030), done. remote: Total 1089 (delta 23), reused 874 (delta 19), pack-reused 0 Receiving objects: 100% (1089/1089), 716.00 KiB | 65.00 KiB/s, done. Resolving deltas: 100% (23/23), done. Looking for an existing zsh config... Using the Oh My Zsh template file and adding it to ~/.zshrc. Time to change your default shell to zsh: Do you want to change your default shell to zsh? [Y/n] y Changing the shell... Changing shell for linan. Password for linan: Shell successfully changed to '/bin/zsh'. __ __ ____ / /_ ____ ___ __ __ ____ _____/ /_ / __ \/ __ \ / __ `__ \/ / / / /_ / / ___/ __ \ / /_/ / / / / / / / / / / /_/ / / /_(__ ) / / / \____/_/ /_/ /_/ /_/ /_/\__, / /___/____/_/ /_/ /____/ ....is now installed! Please look over the ~/.zshrc file to select plugins, themes, and options. p.s. Follow us on https://twitter.com/ohmyzsh p.p.s. Get stickers, shirts, and coffee mugs at https://shop.planetargon.com/collections/oh-my-zsh

安装好之后,需要把 zsh 设置为当前用户的默认 shell(这样新建命令的时候才会使用 zsh):

$ chsh -s /bin/zsh ```  然后,我们用 vim 命令编辑 ~/.zshrc 文件,将主题配置修改为 ZSH_THEME="agnoster"。 ```javascript $ vim ~/.zshrc # If you come from bash you might have to change your $PATH. # export PATH=$HOME/bin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH # Path to your oh-my-zsh installation. export ZSH="/Users/linan/.oh-my-zsh" # Set name of the theme to load --- if set to "random", it will # load a random theme each time oh-my-zsh is loaded, in which case, # to know which specific one was loaded, run: echo $RANDOM_THEME # See https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/wiki/Themes ZSH_THEME="agnoster" // 修改主题

agnoster 是比较常用的 zsh 主题之一,你可以挑选你喜欢的主题,zsh 主题列表:https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/wiki/themes

配置 Meslo 字体

使用上面的主题,需要 Meslo 字体支持,要不然会出现乱码的情况,字体下载地址:Meslo LG M Regular for Powerline.ttf

下载好之后,直接在 macOS 中双击安装即可。

然后打开 iTerm2,按【Command + , 】键,打开 Preferences 配置界面,然后 Profiles -> Text -> Font -> Chanage Font,选择 Meslo LG M Regular for Powerline 字体。 

当然,如果你觉得默认的12px字体大小不合适,可以自己进行修改。

另外,VS Code 的终端字体,也需要进行配置,打开 VS Code,按 Command + ,键,打开用户配置,搜索 fontFamily,然后将右边的配置增加"terminal.integrated.fontFamily": "Meslo LG M for Powerline",示例:

声明高亮

效果就是上面截图的那样,特殊命令和错误命令,会有高亮显示。

使用 Homebrew 安装:

$ brew install zsh-syntax-highlighting

安装成功之后,用 vim 命令编辑 ~/.zshrc 文件,在最后一行增加下面配置:

................... # Compilation flags # export ARCHFLAGS="-arch x86_64" # Set personal aliases, overriding those provided by oh-my-zsh libs, # plugins, and themes. Aliases can be placed here, though oh-my-zsh # users are encouraged to define aliases within the ZSH_CUSTOM folder. # For a full list of active aliases, run `alias`. # # Example aliases # alias zshconfig="mate ~/.zshrc" # alias ohmyzsh="mate ~/.oh-my-zsh" source /usr/local/share/zsh-syntax-highlighting/zsh-syntax-highlighting.zsh 

保存后,执行变量生效命令:

source /etc/profile自动补齐

这个功能是非常实用的,可以方便我们快速的敲命令。

配置步骤,先克隆 zsh-autosuggestions 项目,到指定目录:

$ git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ~/.oh-my-zsh/custom/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions

然后,用 vim 命令编辑 ~/.zshrc 文件,找到 plugins 配置,增加 zsh-autosuggestions 插件:

# Would you like to use another custom folder than $ZSH/custom? # ZSH_CUSTOM=/path/to/new-custom-folder # Which plugins would you like to load? # Standard plugins can be found in $ZSH/plugins/ # Custom plugins may be added to $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/ # Example format: plugins=(rails git textmate ruby lighthouse) # Add wisely, as too many plugins slow down shell startup. plugins=(git zsh-autosuggestions)

> 注意:

上面声明高亮,如果配置不生效的话,可以在 plugins 配置,再增加 zsh-syntax-highlighting 插件试试。

有时候因为自动填充的颜色和背景颜色很相似,以至于自动填充没有效果,我们可以手动更改下自动填充的颜色配置,我修改的颜色值为:3a717f,示例:  

左右键跳转

主要是按住 option + → or ← 键,在命令的开始和结尾跳转切换,原本是不生效的,需要手动开启下。

打开 iTerm2,按 Command + , 键,打开 Preferences 配置界面,然后 Profiles → Keys → Load Preset... → Natural Text Editing,就可以了。

iTerm2 快速隐藏和显示

这个功能也非常使用,就是通过快捷键,可以快速的隐藏和打开 iTerm2,示例配置快捷键:( Commond + . ):

iTerm2 隐藏用户名和主机名

有时候我们的用户名和主机名太长,比如我的 pengzhenjin@MacBook-Pro,终端显示的时候会很不好看,我们可以手动去除。用 vim 命令编辑 ~/.zshrc 文件,增加 DEFAULT_USER="pengzhenjin" 配置,如:

# If you come from bash you might have to change your $PATH. # export PATH=$HOME/bin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH # Path to your oh-my-zsh installation. export ZSH="/Users/user/.oh-my-zsh" # Set name of the theme to load --- if set to "random", it will # load a random theme each time oh-my-zsh is loaded, in which case, # to know which specific one was loaded, run: echo $RANDOM_THEME # See https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/wiki/Themes ZSH_THEME="agnoster" DEFAULT_USER="pengzhenjin"iTerm2 配置代理

用 vim 命令编辑 ~/.zshrc 文件,增加下面配置:

# proxy list alias proxy='export all_proxy=socks5://127.0.0.1:1086' alias unproxy='unset all_proxy'

iTerm2 需要新建标签页,才有效果: 

$ proxy $ curl ip.cn 当前 IP:185.225.14.5 来自:美国 $ unproxy $ curl ip.cn 当前 IP:115.236.186.130 来自:浙江省杭州市 电信

我们可以测试下:

$ curl https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64 Directory listing for /yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/ Index of /yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/

repodata iTerm2 常用命令快捷键新建命令窗口:command + t关闭命令窗口:command + w切换命令窗口:command + 左右方向键查找: command + f垂直分屏:command + d水平分屏:command + shift + d自动补齐: command +;命令历史: command + shift + h命令回放: command + alt + b光标移动到行首: ctrl + a光标移动到行末: ctrl + e前移一个字符: ctrl + f后退一个字符: ctrl + b清屏: ctrl + l显示历史命令: ctrl + p删除当前字符: ctrl + d删除前一字符: ctrl + h删除光标之前的字符: ctrl + w删除光标之前的整行: ctrl + n删除光标之后整行: ctrl + k参考资料

iTerm2终端工具在Mac OS上使用详解



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