古诗英译过程中对夸张修辞手法的翻译_英语论文

Chinese-English Translation of Exaggerations in Chinese Classic Poems

摘要

中国古诗词文化是中国古代人文文化的绚丽宝藏中最为闪耀的一粒明珠，它承载着中华民族世代传承下来的思想表达形式。尽管古诗词文化不是中国特有的文化，但中国的古诗词题裁引人，音律动人，形式迷人，意境醉人，将时间与空间的概念转变为了对具体事物的哲学性思考，融情于景，融景于境，将诗歌在音律美和形式齐的基础上加入了美学考量，从多个角度对诗歌的整体美进行塑造。这也就成就了诗歌在中国古代人文文化中的决定性地位。

夸张的手段在中国的古诗词中并不鲜见，甚至可以说夸张是中华古诗词中最为被善用且效果颇传神的修辞手法。其中有唐代李白善用数字作夸张：“飞流直下三千尺，疑是银河落九天”，“烹羊宰牛且为乐，会须一饮三百杯”。

从西方的庞德将中国的古诗词翻译成英文起，已经有数以万计的翻译家投身于翻译中文诗词这一事业当中来，在翻译界也有很多的英译版诗词类赏析篇章，修辞手法翻译策略等陆续推出。然而，由于夸张手法表现方式繁多，且中英文化差异显著，很多含有夸张修辞的古诗词英译起来较难找到系统性的翻译策略加以引导。

正因为此，本文将会主要立足于翻译实践的要求，分类分析在广泛的诗歌中较有特点的使用夸张修辞的古诗，并将各种夸张种类所应使用的不同翻译技巧，结合语用学，翻译学，跨文化交际等其它领域的知识，分析归纳英译古诗过程当中夸张修辞的翻译规律与翻译策略，并分析在何类场合可以采用该类方式。最终希望此文的结论可以对诗歌的翻译领域提供参考性建议。

关键词：英译古诗，夸张，翻译技巧，翻译学，跨文化交际

Abstract

Chinese classic poetry is one of the most glittery pearls in the treasure of the Chinese ancient humanistic culture and it is a lyrical way to convey one’s emotions. Although the culture of classic poetry is not a specific or labeled culture of Chinese, the Chinese poetry is famous worldwide with its diversiform themes, readable rhymes, rhetorical devices. And specifically, the poets use transformation from the temporal and spatial concept to philosophical insights and moreover, the aesthetic standard is added on the basic poetry standard. 

It is not rare that Chinese poets would like to use exaggerations to express their emotions, and also the exaggeration is even the best rhetoric devices that Chinese classic poets are good at. For instance, poems of Li Bai are featured by his exaggeration with numbers, “Its torrent dashes down three thousand feet from high, as if the Silver River fell from azure sky.”, “Kill a cow, cook a sheep and let us merry be, and drink three hundred cupfuls of wine in high glee!”. 

From the earliest publication of Li Bai’s poem translated by Ezra Pond, some of the poems have been translated for hundreds and thousands versions up to now. At present, we might come across some fabulous appreciation of exaggerations in points and some review of how to translate figures of speech of poems into English. However, due to the high quantity of hyperbole approaches and instinct cultural differences, there’s few researches on practical skills of translating exaggerations in the Chinese classic poems. 

As a consequence, my thesis will based on the request of translating practice trying to collect plenty of poem translations with exaggerations and analyzing from perspectives from translation standards, pragmatics theories and cross-cultural theories. And finally, I will come up with the advantages of each strategy and present their applications or consequences condtions. I hope the final consequences and conclusions will provide the same topic researches in the future with available suggestions. 

Key words: Chinese-English Translation, Exaggerations, Pragmatics Theory, Cross–Cultural Communication Theory