充分的证据提示睡眠障碍与认知障碍之间存在双向关系，睡眠障碍已经成为痴呆症的危险因素之一，其对认知功能最显著的影响莫过于记忆力受损，海马是影响认知和记忆至关重要的脑区，因此睡眠障碍对海马功能影响的研究受到越来越多的关注。文章从疾病、功能影像学到生物学改变等不同维度综述了海马在睡眠障碍导致的认知受损过程中出现的一系列功能变化，旨在阐明睡眠剥夺对海马认知功能影响的分子机制，为改善睡眠障碍造成的学习记忆能力受损提供理论依据。

Strong evidence suggests that there are mutual effects between sleep disturbance and cognitive impairment. Sleep disturbance has become one of the risk factors for dementia. Memory impairment is the most significant cognitive dysfunction during sleep disorders, and accordingly, the hippocampus as a vital brain area plays important role in the consolidation of information and in spatial memory that enables navigation has stimulated increasing interest focusing on hippocampal dysfunction especially memory impairment after sleep disorders. This review summarized a series of functional alterations in the hippocampus including disease, functional imaging, and biological variation in the case of sleep disorders from different dimensions, aiming to elucidate the molecular mechanism of sleep deprivation on hippocampal cognitive function and to provide a theoretical basis for improving learning and memory abilities damaged by sleep disorders.