皮影戏(唐山皮影)于2006年5月20日经中华人民共和国国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，项目编号：IV-91。非遗类别：传统戏剧Shadow Puppetry (Tangshan Shadow Puppetry) was approved by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China in the first national intangible cultural heritage list on May 20,2006,item No.:IV-91,intangible cultural heritage Category:Traditional drama.　皮影戏是一种用兽皮或纸板剪制形象并借灯光照射所剪形象而表演故事的戏曲形式。其流行范围极为广泛，几乎遍及全国各省区，并因各地所演的声腔不同而形成多种多样的皮影戏，如陕西的华县皮影戏、华阴老腔皮影戏、阿宫腔皮影戏、弦板腔皮影戏，甘肃的环县道情皮影戏，山西的孝义碗碗腔皮影戏，河北的唐山皮影戏、冀南皮影戏，浙江的海宁皮影戏，湖北的江汉平原皮影戏，广东的陆丰皮影戏，辽宁的复州皮影戏、凌源皮影戏等。Shadow puppets is a form of drama that cuts images with hides or cardboard and performs stories by lights.Its popular range is very wide,almost throughout the provinces of the country,and because of different voice and formed a variety of shadow puppets,such as Shaanxi Huaxian shadow puppets,Huayin old shadow puppets,palace shadow puppets,string plate shadow puppets,Gansu ring country,Shanxi filial piety bowl shadow puppets,Hebei Tangshan puppets,south  Hebei shadow puppets,Zhejiang haining shadow puppets,Hubei jianghan shadow puppets,Guangdong lu feng shadow puppets,liaoning zhou shadow puppets,LingYuan shadow puppets,etc.　　皮影戏的形成时代尚无确考，但据南宋孟元老《东京梦华录》记载，它至晚在宋代已经成熟和盛行，东京汴梁瓦舍中的影戏艺人已有董十五、赵七、曹保义等9人。山西繁峙岩山寺文殊殿金代壁画中有一幅《影戏图》，生动形象地表现了当时山西皮影演出的实况。经过宋、金、元、明四个历史时期的发展，流行全国各地的皮影戏在清代呈现出繁荣局面。There is no real examination of the formation of shadow puppets.However,according to the Tokyo Dream Records,a veteran of the Southern Song Dynasty,it was mature and popular late in the Song Dynasty,with nine film actors in Bianliang Vasshe,Tokyo,including Dong XV,Zhao 7 and Cao Baoyi.There is a mural of the Golden Dynasty Hall of Manjusri Temple in Fanshi Yanshan Temple,Shanxi Province,which vividly shows the actual performance of shadow puppets in Shanxi at that time.After the development of the four historical periods of the Song,Jin,Yuan and Ming Dynasties,the popular shadow puppets from all over the country showed a prosperous situation in the Qing Dynasty.　　皮影戏虽然种类繁多，但区别主要在声腔和剧目方面，至于影人制作和表演技术则大同小异。影人一般是先将牛皮或驴皮、羊皮刮去毛血，加工成半透明状后再刻制上彩，其雕绘工艺讲究刀工精致，造型逼真。影人一般分头、身、四肢等几部分，均为侧影，头部附有盔帽，身部、四肢皆着服饰，涂油彩后用火砖烘烤压平即成。演出时将影人的头插于身部，身与四肢相接，同时在身部和两手安上三根竹扦，即可操作演出。除了人物造型外，还要刻制一些砌末道具、桌椅和景物造型，以便配合表演。Although there is a wide variety of shadow puppets,but the difference is mainly in the vocal cavity and repertoire,as for the filmmaker production and performance techniques are much the same.The shadow is generally the cowhide skin or donkey skin,sheep skin scraping hair blood,processed into translucent and then carved on the color,its carving technology pays attention to exquisite knife workers,realistic modeling.Shadow people generally divided,body,limbs and other parts,are silhouette,head attached with a helmet,body,limbs are clothing,after oil color baking with brick pressure is flat.During the performance,the filmmaker’s head is inserted in the body and two hands on the installation of three bamboo cuttings,you can operate the performance.In addition to the character shape,some masonry props,tables,chairs and scenery to cooperate with the performance.　　道具主要为影窗，俗称“亮子”，一般高3尺，宽5尺，最高不过4尺，宽不过6尺，以白纸作幕，以便单人操作。其次为油灯一盏，用以映射影人和表演动作。Props are mainly shadow Windows, commonly known as "bright son", generally 3 feet high, 5 feet wide, the highest only 4 feet wide, only 6 feet wide, with white paper as a curtain, for single operation.The second is an oil lamp, used to map the shadow and performance movements.皮影戏是我国重要的民间传统艺术，近年来由于现代影视艺术的冲击，观众和演出市场日益减少，许多皮影戏面临消亡的危险，亟待抢救与保护。Shadow puppetry is an important and traditional folk art in China. In recent years, due to the impact of modern film and television art, the audience and performance market are increasingly decreasing. Many shadow puppetry are in danger of extinction, which are in urgent need of rescue and protection.　　唐山皮影又称滦州影、乐亭影、驴皮影，是中国皮影戏中影响最大的种类之一。通常认为滦州影戏初创于明代末期，盛行于清末民国初年，迄今已有400多年的历史。Tangshan shadow puppets, also known as Luanzhou Shadow, Lotte Shadow and donkey shadow puppets, are one of the most influential types of Chinese shadow puppets.It is usually believed that Luanzhou Film Opera was started in the late Ming Dynasty, popular in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, and has a history of more than 400 years.　　唐山皮影戏的主要操纵演员有两个人，即“上线”和“下线”。支配影人动作的杆子有3根，分别叫“主杆”和“手杆”。唐山皮影戏演出通常有拿、贴、打、拉、唱五种分工，有“七忙八闲”之说。The main manipulation actors of Tangshan shadow puppets are two people, namely "online" and "offline".There are three poles governing the filmmaker's movements, called "main pole" and "hand pole".Tangshan shadow play performance usually has five division of labor, paste, playing, pulling, singing, there are "seven busy and eight leisure" said.　　唐山皮影戏的剧本又称“影卷”，现存至少500多部。其中“连台本”有130多部，单本剧也很多。剧目有《五锋会》、《二度梅》、《青云剑》等。皮影传统剧本的文学结构为人物出场有上场“诗”，下场“对”。其格律常用“七字句”、“十字锦”、“三赶七”、“五字赋”、“硬散”、“大金边”、“小金边”等。这些唱词结构都是以对偶的上下句为其结构的基本单位，每段唱词一般都是由若干对声韵相同的上下句组成。唐山皮影以乐亭方言为基础，以唱功见长，风格独特，为板腔体。基本板式有大板、二性板、三性板、散板以及平唱、花腔、凄凉调、悲调、游阴调、还阳调以及因特殊句式而得名的三赶七等各种腔调。The script of Tangshan shadow play, also known as "shadow film", has at least 500 copies.Among them, there are more than 130 "Lianben" and many single dramas.The plays include "The Five Front Meeting", "The Second Plum", "Qingyun Sword" and so on.The literary structure of the traditional script of shadow play makes the character appear "poem" and the end "right".Its rhythm is commonly used "seven words sentence", "cross brocade", "three catch seven", "five words fu", "hard scattered", "big gold edge", "small gold edge" and so on.These vocalist structures are based on the dual upper and lower sentences as the basic unit of their structure, and each lyric is generally composed of several pairs of upper and lower sentences with the same sound rhyme.Tangshan shadow play is based on Leting dialect, good at singing skills, unique style, is a plate cavity.The basic board type has large board, two sex board, three sex board, loose board, flat singing, flower cavity, desolate tone, tone of sad tone, swim Yin tone, return Yang tone and the three catch seven tone named for the special sentence type.　　皮影的雕刻要经过刮皮浆皮、拓样雕刻、着色涂油、拼钉装杆几个步骤。刀口和上色是最能体现雕刻艺人水平的地方。人物造型分为生、小、大、鬓、丑等。The carving of shadow puppets goes through several steps of scraping skin pulp, extension carving, coloring and oil, and nail binding rod.The knife mouth and color are the best places to reflect the level of carving artist.Character modeling is divided into raw, small, big, temples, ugly and so on.　　唐山皮影的剧目内容是深层剖析当地社会民俗民风、宗教心理的重要材料。历代唐山皮影艺人对唱腔表演、舞台道具的材料和技艺的改良与创新从未间断过，这些经验是今人和后人的宝贵财富。唐山皮影的传承延续着口传心授的方式，为文化传承的方式方法提供了重要借鉴价值。唐山皮影的唱腔、音乐、表演、造型有着本地域特有的风格，受到国内外同行和观众的赞誉，具有很高的欣赏与研究价值。The repertoire content of Tangshan shadow puppets is an important material for the deep analysis of the local social folk customs and religious psychology.The improvement and innovation of Tangshan shadow puppet artists on singing performance and materials and skills of stage props have never stopped. These experiences are the precious wealth of modern people and future generations.The inheritance of Tangshan shadow puppets continues the way of oral teaching, and provides an important reference value for the methods of cultural inheritance.The singing, music, performance and modeling of Tangshan shadow puppets have a unique regional style, which is praised by their peers and audiences at home and abroad, and has high appreciation and research value.　　现在，能够进行皮影戏剧本创作的人不足10人，皮影艺人年龄偏大，找不到徒弟传承，欣赏皮影艺术的人也越来越少。唐山皮影面临着失传的困境。Now, there are less than 10 people who can create shadow puppets. The shadow puppets are older and can not find apprentices to inherit, and fewer and fewer people appreciate the art of shadow puppets.Tangshan shadow puppets are facing the dilemma of loss.

(中文摘自中华非物质文化遗产网)