C++入门

2024-02-13 23:31| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

参考《C和C++游戏趣味编程》童晶火柴人跑酷

游戏的思路是，玩家通过键盘控制火柴人的奔跑和跳跃，躲避蝙蝠到达终点。游戏地图随机生成，随着关卡数增加，游戏难度越来越大

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定义Player类 class Player { public: IMAGE im_show; // 当前时刻要显示的图像 float x_left, y_bottom; // 左下角位置 float vx, vy; // 速度 float width, height; // 图片的宽度、高度 void draw() { putimagePng(x_left, y_bottom - height, &im_show); } void initialize() { loadimage(&im_show, _T("standright.png")); width = im_show.getwidth(); height = im_show.getheight(); updateXY(WIDTH / 2, HEIGHT / 2); vx = 10; vy = 10; } void updateXY(float mx, float my) { x_left = mx; y_bottom = my; } };

定义全局变量，初始化并显示：

IMAGE im_land; IMAGE im_bk; Player player; void startup() { player.initialize(); loadimage(&im_land, _T("land.png")); loadimage(&im_bk, _T("landscape1.png")); initgraph(WIDTH, HEIGHT); BeginBatchDraw(); } void show() { putimage(-100, -100, &im_bk); putimage(WIDTH / 2, HEIGHT / 2, &im_land); player.draw(); FlushBatchDraw(); }

在这里插入图片描述

通过按键控制角色移动：

void updateWithInput() { if (_kbhit()) { char input = getch(); if (input == 'A') { player.x_left -= player.vx; } if (input == 'D') { player.x_left += player.vx; } if (input == 'W') { player.y_bottom -= player.vy; } if (input == 'S') { player.y_bottom += player.vy; } } } 异步输入

利用异步输入函数GetAsyncKeyState()，可以同时识别两个按键被按下的情况，玩家可以用A、S、D、W或左、右、上、下方向键控制火柴人移动：

void updateWithInput() { if (_kbhit()) { if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_LEFT) || GetAsyncKeyState('A')) { player.x_left -= player.vx; } if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_RIGHT) || GetAsyncKeyState('D')) { player.x_left += player.vx; } if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_UP) || GetAsyncKeyState('W')) { player.y_bottom -= player.vy; } if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_DOWN) || GetAsyncKeyState('S')) { player.y_bottom += player.vy; } } } 枚举类型状态切换

火柴人会有向左站立、向右站立、向左奔跑、向右奔跑、向左跳跃、向右跳跃、死亡这7种状态：

在Player类中新增成员变量存储向右站立图像、向左站立图像和角色状态：

IMAGE im_standright; IMAGE im_standleft; PlayerStatus playerStatus; // 当前状态

在initialize()中对新增成员变量初始化：

loadimage(&im_standright, _T("standright.png")); loadimage(&im_standleft, _T("standleft.png")); playerStatus = standright; im_show = im_standright;

在updateWithInput()中，当键盘控制角色移动时，角色站立方向也应变化：

if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_LEFT) || GetAsyncKeyState('A')) { player.x_left -= player.vx; player.playerStatus = standleft; } if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_RIGHT) || GetAsyncKeyState('D')) { player.x_left += player.vx; player.playerStatus = standright; } 添加奔跑动画

在Player类中添加成员变量ims_runright存储向右奔跑的8张图片，并初始化：

vector ims_runright; int animId; void initialize() { loadimage(&im_standright, _T("standright.png")); loadimage(&im_standleft, _T("standleft.png")); playerStatus = standright; im_show = im_standright; width = im_standright.getwidth(); height = im_standright.getheight(); TCHAR filename[80]; for (int i = 0; i = ims_runright.size()) { animId = 0; } } im_show = ims_runright[animId]; } 实现跳跃

在Player类中添加成员变量存储向右、向左跳跃的图片和重力加速度，并初始化：

IMAGE im_jumpright; IMAGE im_jumpleft; float gravity; void initialize() { loadimage(&im_jumpright, _T("jumpright.png")); loadimage(&im_jumpleft, _T("jumpleft.png")); vx = 10; vy = 0; gravity = 3; }

添加beginJump()，控制动画切换并给角色一个向上初速度：

void beginJump() { if (playerStatus != jumpleft && playerStatus != jumpright) // 已在空中不能起跳 { if (playerStatus == runleft || playerStatus == standleft) { im_show = im_jumpleft; playerStatus = jumpleft; } else if (playerStatus == runright || playerStatus == standright) { im_show = im_jumpright; playerStatus = jumpright; } vy = -30; } }

新增成员函数updateYcoordinate()，自动完成自由落体运动：

void updateYcoordinate() { if (playerStatus == jumpleft || playerStatus == jumpright) { vy += gravity; y_bottom += vy; if (y_bottom > HEIGHT / 2) { y_bottom = HEIGHT / 2; // 保证正好落在地面上 if (playerStatus == jumpleft) { playerStatus = standleft; } if (playerStatus == jumpright) { playerStatus = standright; } } } } 地面类 class Land { public: IMAGE im_land; float left_x, right_x, top_y; float land_width, land_height; void initialize() { loadimage(&im_land, _T("land.png")); land_width = im_land.getwidth(); land_height = im_land.getheight(); left_x = WIDTH / 2; right_x = left_x + land_width; top_y = HEIGHT / 2; } void draw() { putimage(left_x, top_y, &im_land); } }; 场景类

场景类包括背景图片和多个地面对象

class Scene { public: IMAGE im_bk; vector lands; void draw() { putimage(-100, -100, &im_bk); for (int i = 0; i

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