小学自然拼读入门第一步:从学习44个英语音素开始! |
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自然拼读Phonics,是目前国际上最推崇的一种学习方法,也是英美这些英语母语国家孩子的语言启蒙方式之一。 所谓自然拼读,就是通过掌握英文字母(Letter) 和发音(Sound) 之间的关系,迅速拼读出英语单词的能力。英文的26个字母中每个字母有一个或多个发音,比如字母“i”, 在“like” 和“city"中就有着不同的发音。自然拼读,就是教给学生字母或字母组合在单词中的发音规律。 自然拼读入门的第一步,就要从最基本的44个音素开始... 首先,要了解两个基本概念: Phonemes:音素,有44个,分为元音音素和辅音音素; Graphemes:字素,音素对应的字母或者字母组合拼写; 英国孩子从4岁Reception Year开始从单个字母学起,然后过渡到字母组合成简单的单词,比如cat、nap、pin、tap等等,称为“blending sounds”。下一步,孩子们将学习构成单词的音素,比如cat,由三个音素构成:/c/ /a/和/t/。 接下来,跟着课代表一起来看看44个音素,以及他们对应的字素和发音规则吧~ 20个元音音素 音素1:/æ/ 字素:a, ai, au示例单词:cat, plaid, laugh 音素2:/eɪ/ 字素:a, ai, eigh, aigh, ay, er, et, ei, au, a_e, ea, ey示例单词:bay, maid, weigh, straight, pay, foyer, filet, eight, gauge, mate, break, they 音素3:/e/ 字素:e, ea, u, ie, ai, a, eo, ei, ae 示例单词:end, bread, bury, friend, said, many, leopard, heifer, aesthetic 音素4:/i:/ 字素:e, ee, ea, y, ey, oe, ie, i, ei, eo, ay 示例单词:be, bee, meat, lady, key, phoenix, grief, ski, deceive, people, quay 音素5:/ɪ/ 字素:i, e, o, u, ui, y, ie示例单词:it, england, women, busy, guild, gym, sieve 音素6:/aɪ/ 字素:i, y, igh, ie, uy, ye, ai, is, eigh, i_e示例单词:spider, sky, night, pie, guy, stye, aisle, island, height, kite 音素7:/ɒ/ 字素:a, ho, au, aw, ough示例单词:swan, honest, maul, slaw, fought 音素8:/oʊ/ 字素:o, oa, o_e, oe, ow, ough, eau, oo, ew示例单词:open, moat, bone, toe, sow, dough, beau, brooch, sew 音素9:/ʊ/ 字素:o, oo, u,ou示例单词:wolf, look, bush, would 音素10:/ʌ/ 字素:u, o, oo, ou 示例单词:lug, monkey, blood, double 音素11:/u:/ 字素:o, oo, ew, ue, u_e, oe, ough, ui, oew, ou 示例单词:who, loon, dew, blue, flute, shoe, through, fruit, manoeuvre, group 音素12:/ɔɪ/ 字素:oi, oy, uoy 示例单词:join, boy, buoy 音素13:/aʊ/ 字素:ow, ou, ough 示例单词:now, shout, bough 音素14:/ə/ 字素:a, er, i, ar, our, ur 示例单词:about, ladder, pencil, dollar, honour, augur 音素15:/eəʳ/ 字素:air, are, ear, ere, eir, ayer 示例单词:chair, dare, pear, where, their, prayer 音素16:/ɑ:/ 字素:a 示例单词:arm 音素17:/ɜ:ʳ/ 字素:ir, er, ur, ear, or, our, yr 示例单词:bird, term, burn, pearl, word, journey, myrtle 音素18:/ɔ:/ 字素:aw, a, or, oor, ore, oar, our, augh, ar, ough, au示例单词:paw, ball, fork, poor, fore, board, four, taught, war, bought, sauce 音素19:/ɪəʳ/ 字素:ear, eer, ere, ier 示例单词:ear, steer, here, tier 音素20:/ʊəʳ/ 字素:ure, our 示例单词:cure, tourist 24个辅音音素 音素21:/b/ 字素:b, bb 示例单词:bug, bubble 音素22:/d/ 字素:d, dd, ed 示例单词:dad, add, milled 音素23:/f/ 字素:f, ff, ph, gh, lf, ft 示例单词:fat, cliff, phone, enough, half, often 音素24:/g/ 字素:g, gg, gh,gu,gue 示例单词:gun, egg, ghost, guest, prologue 音素25:/h/ 字素:h, wh 示例单词:hop, who 音素26:/dʒ/ 字素:j, ge, g, dge, di, gg 示例单词:jam, wage, giraffe, edge, soldier, exaggerate 音素27:/k/ 字素:k, c, ch, cc, lk, qu ,q(u), ck, x 示例单词:kit, cat, chris, accent, folk, bouquet, queen, rack, box 音素28:/l/ 字素:l, ll 示例单词:live, well 音素29:/m/ 字素:m, mm, mb, mn, lm 示例单词:man, summer, comb, column, palm 音素30:/n/ 字素:n, nn,kn, gn, pn 示例单词:net, funny, know, gnat, pneumonic 音素31:/p/ 字素:p, pp 示例单词:pin, dippy 音素32:/r/ 字素:r, rr, wr, rh 示例单词:run, carrot, wrench, rhyme 音素33:/s/ 字素:s, ss, c, sc, ps, st, ce, se 示例单词:sit, less, circle, scene, psycho, listen, pace, course 音素34:/t/ 字素:t, tt, th, ed 示例单词:tip, matter, thomas, ripped 音素35:/v/ 字素:v, f, ph, ve 示例单词:vine, of, stephen, five 音素36:/w/ 字素:w, wh, u, o 示例单词:wit, why, quick, choir 音素37:/z/ 字素:z, zz, s, ss, x, ze, se 示例单词:zed, buzz, his, scissors, xylophone, craze 音素38:/ʒ/ 字素:s, si, z 示例单词:treasure, division, azure 音素39:/tʃ/ 字素:ch, tch, tu, ti, te 示例单词:chip, watch, future, action, righteous 音素40:/ʃ/ 字素:sh, ce, s, ci, si, ch, sci, ti 示例单词:sham, ocean, sure, special, pension, machine, conscience, station 音素41:/θ/ 字素:th 示例单词:thongs 音素42:/ð/ 字素:th 示例单词:leather 音素43:/ŋ/ 字素:ng, n, ngue 示例单词:ring, pink, tongue 音素44:/j/ 字素:y, i, j 示例单词:you, onion, hallelujah 自然拼读是孩子早期英语学习的最重要的阶梯之一,也是英国国家孩子小学低年级阶段的重中之重。针对年龄小的孩子,老师们都会用上面列举的这种简单而有趣的小游戏/活动来让小朋友们掌握自然拼读的规则。 |
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