中国是一个发展中国家。多年来，中国在致力于自身发展的同时，始终坚持向经济困难的其他发展中国家提供力所能及的援助，承担相应国际义务。

    20世纪50年代，新中国成立后不久，中国在自身财力十分紧张、物资相当匮乏的情况下，开始对外提供经济技术援助，并逐步扩大援助范围。70年代末中国实行改革开放以来，经济快速发展，综合国力显著提升，但依然是一个人均水平不高、贫困人口众多的发展中国家。尽管如此，中国仍量力而行，尽力开展对外援助，帮助受援国增强自主发展能力，丰富和改善人民生活，促进经济发展和社会进步。中国的对外援助，发展巩固了与广大发展中国家的友好关系和经贸合作，推动了南南合作，为人类社会共同发展作出了积极贡献。

    中国对外援助坚持平等互利，注重实效，与时俱进，不附带任何政治条件，形成了具有自身特色的模式。

China is a developing country. Over the years, while focusing on its own development, China has been providing aid to the best of its ability to other developing countries with economic difficulties, and fulfilling its due international obligations.

In the 1950s, soon after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, although it was short of funds and materials, China began to provide economic aid and technical assistance to other countries, and gradually expanded the scope of such aid. Since China adopted the reform and opening-up policies in the late 1970s, its economy has been developing rapidly, with the overall national strength growing notably. However, China remains a developing country with a low per-capita income and a large poverty-stricken population. In spite of this, China has been doing its best to provide foreign aid, to help recipient countries to strengthen their self-development capacity, enrich and improve their peoples’ livelihood, and promote their economic growth and social progress. Through foreign aid, China has consolidated friendly relations and economic and trade cooperation with other developing countries, promoted South-South cooperation and contributed to the common development of mankind. 

Adhering to equality and mutual benefit, stressing substantial results, and keeping pace with the times without imposing any political conditions on recipient countries, China’s foreign aid has emerged as a model with its own characteristics. 

一、对外援助政策

    对外援助历程

    中国对外援助从帮助周边友好国家开始起步。1950年，中国开始向朝鲜和越南两国提供物资援助，从此开启了中国对外援助的序幕。1955年万隆亚非会议后，随着对外关系的发展，中国对外援助范围从社会主义国家扩展到其他发展中国家。1956年，中国开始向非洲国家提供援助。1964年，中国政府宣布以平等互利、不附带条件为核心的对外经济技术援助八项原则，确立了中国开展对外援助的基本方针。1971年10月，在广大发展中国家的支持下，中国恢复了在联合国的合法席位，中国同更多的发展中国家建立了经济和技术合作关系，并援建了坦赞铁路等一批重大基础设施项目。这段时期，中国克服自身困难，为支持其他发展中国家争取民族独立和发展民族经济提供了最大限度的支持，奠定了新中国与广大发展中国家长期友好合作的坚实基础。

I. Foreign Aid Policy

Course of Development in Foreign Aid

China’s foreign aid began in 1950, when it provided material as-sistance to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) and Vietnam, two neighboring countries having friendly relations with China. Following the Asian-African Conference in Bandung, Indonesia in 1955, the scope of China’s aid extended from socialist countries to other developing countries, along with the improvement of China’s foreign relations. In 1956, China began to aid African countries. In 1964, the Chinese government declared the Eight Principles for Economic Aid and Technical Assistance to Other Countries, the core content of which featured equality, mutual benefit and no strings attached, hence the basic principle for China’s foreign aid was formulated. In October 1971, with the support of other developing countries, China resumed its legal seat in the United Nations, established relations of economic and technical cooperation with more developing countries, and funded the Tanzania-Zambia Railway (TAZARA) and other major infrastructure projects. In this period, China overcame its own difficulties, and provided maximum assistance it could afford to other developing countries in their efforts to win national independence and to develop national economy, thus laying a solid foundation for its long-term friendly cooperation with developing countries.