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高三英语第一轮复习教案语法二名词性从句doc.docx 《高三英语第一轮复习教案语法二名词性从句doc.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高三英语第一轮复习教案语法二名词性从句doc.docx(13页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。 高三英语第一轮复习教案语法二名词性从句doc 名词性从句 根据句子的结构可分为: ①简单句——一主一谓 ②并列句——由等立连词and,but,so,for把两个(以上)的简单句连在一起构成。 ③复合句——一个主句+从句(一个或以上)构成。 定义 根据从句在复合句中的作用,分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。 名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。 总述 1.主语从句——在句中作主语,可用it作形式主语 e.g.Whatyousaidsoundsreasonable. Itiswellknown/reported/thought/said/…that… Itisnatural/surprising/necessary/certain/true/clear…that… Itisapity/ashame/anhonour/nosurprise/nowonder…that… Itdoesn’tmatterwhether… Itseems\appearsthat…Ithappensthat…碰巧 2.表语从句-----位于系动词之后,表语从句还可用asif/asthough/because/why引导 e.g.Thequestioniswhocancompletethedifficulttask. 3.同位语从句-----跟在名词后面,进一步说明该名词的具体内容。 名词主要有: fact,news(word),promise,idea,truth,thought,suggestion,hope,proposal,doubt等。 一般用that引导,不省略,不用which..也可用whether(不用if),who,what,which,when,where,how,why e.g.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue. 4.宾语从句 1)作及物动词或介词的宾语(it可作形式宾语;注意whether和if区别) 2)直接引语和间接引语 Idoubtwhether\ifhewillkeephisword.Idon’tdoubtthatourteamwillwin. 一.引导词 1.从属连词有that,whether,if。 它们只起连接作用,不充当从句的任何成分 2.连接代词有who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whoever,whichever等。 它们在从句中起连接作用,本身又作从句的主语、宾语、宾补或定语。 3.连接副词有when,where,why,how等,它们既起连接作用,本身又作从句的状语。 howmany(much,far,long,often,soon)等引导主语、宾语、表语从句 二.语序: 名词性从句中一律用陈述句语序 Whenhewillarriveisnotknown. Idon'tknowhowIcangetthroughtheexam. 三.时态 1.在宾语从句中,当主句是一般现在时,其从句的谓语根据各种需要用各种时态 Maryisverydiligent.Marywasverydiligent. MaryisreadingEnglish.TomsaidMarywasreadingEnglish. TomsaysMarywillgiveusatalk.Marywouldgiveusatalk. Maryhasbeencaughtintherain.Maryhadbeencaughtintherain. 但是,宾语从句表示事实、格言、谚语等,从句的时态仍用一般现在时。 2.在主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中,也要注意主从句的谓语动词要一致,关键要注意动作发生的先后。 Whowillwinthefirstprizeinthecontestisnotknowntous. Haveyouanyideawhyhewassorude? 四、语气 1.只要表示“命令、建议、要求”的各类名词性从句,都要用虚拟语气should+动词原形,should可以省略。 五.宾语从句否定词的转移 六、if和whether表“是否”,一般情况下可以通用,下列情况下不可通用。 1.主语从句句首2.表语从句3.介词之后 4.不定式之前5.紧跟ornot6.同位语从句 7.宾语从句前移Whethershewillwinthegame,I’mnotsure. 七.that和what that不充当任何成分,what可以在从句中充当成分: 主语、宾语、表语。 that在宾语从句中可以省略。 下面几种情况不可以省略: 1.主语从句2.表语从句 3.同位语从句 OnceAristotlehadmadeuphismindthatheavyobjectsalwaysfellfasterthanlightobjects. 4.it作形式宾语,that引导的真正宾语从句 Theywanttomakeitcleartothepublicthattheydoanimportantandnecessaryjob. 5.两个或多个并列的that引导的宾语从句,只有第一个that可省 Mr.smithtoldtheworkers(that)Johnhadworkedveryhardandthathewantedhimstay. 八.1.Whoever=anyonewho,whichever,whatever=anythingthat=名词/代词+(相关的)连接代词 Hegavewhoevercametothedoorasmile.=Hegaveanypersonwhocametothedoorasmile. 比较: Heaskedmewhobroketheglass.(正确)他问我是谁打的玻璃。 Heaskedmewhoeverbroketheglass.(错误) Whoevergoesagainstlawshallbepunished.(正确)违法的人将受罚。 Whogoesagainstlawshallbepunished.(错误) 2.wh-ever与nomatterwh-的用法区别 wh-ever可引导名词性从句,让步状语从句;nomatterwh-只能引导让步状语从句 WhateverIsaid,hewouldn’tlistentome.让步状语从句 ==NomatterwhatIsaid,hewouldn’tlistentome. HewouldbelievewhateverIsaid.宾语从句 九.同位语从句的that和定语从句的that的区别 1.Thenewsthatourteamhadwonmadeusveryhappy. 同位语从句,that在抽象名次之后,对其作补充说明,在从句中不充当成分,不可省 2.Thenews(that)hebroughtusmadeusveryhappy. 定语从句,that在定语从句中充当主语或宾语,作宾语可省。 名词性从句考点归纳 一、名词性从句的语序: 陈述语序 (1)that和whether/if引导的从句 Shesensedsomething. Atallmaninadarkcoatwasstaringather Shesensedthatshewasbeingwatchedbyatallmaninadarkcoat. Shewondered. Wouldthebusesstillberunning? Shewonderedif/whetherthebuseswouldstillberunning. 2)疑问词引导的名词性从句也要求使用陈述句语序,不能用一般疑问句(倒装)语序。 他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。 Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.(F) Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.(T) 你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗? Couldyoutellmewherehelives? (T) Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive? (F) 1.主语从句: 从句在句中充当主语成分 1).Thathewillsucceediscertain. 2)Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown. 3)Whathesaidisnottrue. 4)Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout. 5)Whoevercomesiswelcome. 6)It’scertainthathewillsucceed. 7)Howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting. 8)Whenthey’llstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyet. 由that引导: 1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain. 2._____________________isknowntoall.(地球是圆的) 3.________________________isapity.(你错过了这次机会) Keys 2.Thattheearthisround 3.Thatyoumissedthechance 总结: that无意义,后接一个完整的句子,that不可省。 考点一: 主语从句后置! 为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。 例: Thatweshallbelateiscertain. --It’scertainthatweshallbelate. 1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall. -- 2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity. -- 由连词whether和if,连接代词what,who,which和连接副词when,where,why,how等引导.也常常后置: Itdoesn’tmatterif/whetherheisaforeigner. Itisaquestionwhetherheiswillingtocome. Itisunknownhowshehasreducedherweightinsuchashorttime It的用法: (形式主语) It’possible/important/necessary/clear…that……很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚… It’ssaid/reported…that..据说/据报道… It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat..已经通知/宣布… Itseems/appears/happens..that…显然、明显、碰巧.. It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑… It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知) /acommonsaying….(俗话说) Itiswellknown/reported/thought/said…that… Itisclear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful…that… Itisapity/ashame/anhonour/that… Itdoesn’tmatterwhether… Itseemsthat… Ithappensthat… 考点二注意: 主语从句中,谓语动词一般用单数 What引导的主语从句,可根据表语决定 Whatheneeds_is_thatbook? Whatheneeds_are_somebook? 宾语从句: 1.从句在句中充当宾语成分(可以作谓语动词、介词、形容词,不定式等非谓语动词的宾语) 连词: that,whether,if(that常可省略)who,what,which,whoever,whatever,when,where,why,how 1).Theyknowthatthehabitwillkillthem. 2).Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus. 3)Iamafraidthathedidn’tcallme. 4).Hemadeitcleartothepublicthathedidanimportantandnecessaryjob. 5).Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomework. 用if或whether填空 1.Idon’tknow_______I’llbefreetomorrow. 2.Idon’tknow_______ornotI’llbefreetomorrow. 3.Thequestionis______thisbookisworthwriting. 4.Itdependson______wewillhaveenoughmoney. 5.______theycandoitmatterslittletous. 6._______youarenotfreetomorrow,I’llgowithoutyou Keys: 1.Whether/if2.whether3.whether4.whether5.whether6.If 2).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留 a.在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略. eg: Wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay. Idon’tthinkitrightthatyouleavehomewithouttellingyourparents. b.由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that不省略. eg: Hetoldme(that)hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime. 宾语从句的时态呼应 1.如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态. a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的. Hebelieves_________________________. b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么. Pleasetellme_________________________. a.hisdreamwillcometruesomeday b.whatyouweredoingatthistimeyesterday 2.如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的 某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规 律等时,从句谓语通常用一般现在时。 1).他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。 Hetoldme______________________. 2).他说他已离开家乡十年了。 Hetoldme______________________. 3).老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。 Theteachertellus______________________ 1.hewaspreparingfortheexamination 2.Hehadbeenawayfromhishometownfortenyears 3.lighttravelsinastraightline. 3.表语从句: 从句在句中充当表语成分,一般放在连系动词之后.作用: 对主语进行解释说明。 连接词: that/whether/asif/asthough(if不引导表语从句) 连接代词: who/whom/whose/which/what 连接副词: when/where/why/how/because Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim. That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime. Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry. That’swhyIwaslate. because,asif也可引导表语从句: 1.Heisabsenttoday.It’s________heisseriouslyill.because 2.Itlooks________it’sgoingtorainagain.asif TrueorFalse: Hersuggestionisthatwewilldoitbyturns.F Hersuggestionisthatwedoitbyturns.T 4.同位语从句: 从句在句中充当同位语成分,其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea,belief,fact;truth,problem,news等)后面,对名词作进一步解释说明. 同位语从句常用that引导或用连接副词when/where/why/how/whether 1)Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople. 2)WordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem. 3).SydneykepthispromisethathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness. 三、同位语从句的引导和辨别 1.同位语从句的格式: n.+连接词+从句 2.能接同位语从句的名词有: fact、idea,news,information,order,belief,suggestion,advice等 3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用whether,what,when,where等来引导同位语从句。 选词填空that/whether/where/how 1.Ihavenoidea_________hecomesfrom. 2.Hecan’tanswerthequestion________hegotthemoney. 3.Hegaveusmanysuggestions________weshouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise. 4.Ihavenodoubt________hewillwin. 5.Ihavesomedoubt________hewillwin. Keys: 1.where2.how3.that4.that.5.whether 名词性从句基础训练题 1.Itnowappears______theyareinneedofhelp. A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how 2.Itisgoodnews______theywillarriveinafewdays. A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how 3.It______Joedrivesbadly. A.thoughtthatB.thinksthatC.isthoughtthatD.isthoughtthat 4.It______heislateforclass. A.maythatB.mightthatC.maybethatD.mightbewhat 5.Thisis______shewasborn. A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what 6.Thequestionis______wecan’tgotheretoday. A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when 7.Thequestionis______itisworthdoing. A.ifB.whetherC.whichD.what 8.Thereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis_______hehasneverwastedhistime. A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.what 9.Mysuggestionis______weshouldturnthelandintoricefields. A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where 10.Hisproposalisthatthedam______atthefootofthemountain. A.buildB.willbuildC.bebuiltD.willbebuilt 11.Myadviceisthathe______regularh |
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