underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary 不发达的

poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak 贫穷的、可怜的

exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable 超常的、例外的

mating=courtship 交配

follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker 跟随、跟踪

good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful ...好的视力

best=well=greatest=finest=ideal=top=number one=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking 极好的

surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled 感到惊讶的

volunteer=subject 实验研究对象

similar=resemble=like=alike 相似的

blind=can not see 瞎的

initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be the person who starts something=plan=law 主动的、自发的 adj. 主动权

increase=go on=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on the increase=intensify=expand=build up 上升、增加

teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up 教学

more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language 多种语言

determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定

young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor 年轻人

community=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc 群体、团体、社区

traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable 传统的

fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not work=do no good=fall through 失败

endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed 危机、使危险

diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed 各种各样的

inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid 不可避免的

differ from=unusual 与...不同

reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative 勉强的

consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice 咨询

alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant 另一个

therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular from of treatment for physical or mental illness 临床医学家

retrain=taking courses 再教育

salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee 工资、收入

long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable 长期的

complaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain 抱怨

illness=disease=virus=bug=infection 疾病

connection=relationship=link=correlation 联系

beneficial=be good for you/do somebody good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful 有益的

insight=comprehension=understanding 理解、见解

physical=relating to the body=bodily 身体的

hazard=risk=danger=obstacle 障碍、危险

accompany=with=together=along with=come wit 陪伴、伴随

mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind 精神上的、心理的

possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility 可能的

reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少

kind=sort=style=category=variety 种类

rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise 排练、演习

peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc 同伴

defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御

strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactic 方法、攻略

assist=help=aid=with the aid of 帮助

specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=be more specific=be more explicit=elaborate 特定的

substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质

surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境

engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up 雇佣

combine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute 联合

survival=the state of continuing to live or exist 幸存

quotation=a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writing because it is interesting or amusing 引言

exemplify=example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example of something 例证

explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light on=set out 解释

outline=to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details 概述

purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target 目的

encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do something=influence=encourage=talk somebody into=put somebody up to 鼓励

loan=an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc 贷款

poverty=being poor 贫穷

crime=illegal activities in general 犯罪

reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝

courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere 快递员

storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 储存

facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备

ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive=determined to be successful, rich, powerful etc 有志向的、雄心壮志的

effort=to try very hard to do something=attempt=campaign=drive 努力

feature=a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical; a part of the land, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc 特点

planet=the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球

unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的

machinery=machines, especially large ones=a system or set of processes for doing something=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械

ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in the future=final 最终的、根本的

atmosphere=the feeling that an event or place gives you=the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth 气氛、大气

occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike 发生

expand=get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch 扩张、扩大

form=type=way something is/appears=shape 形式

emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=come out=reappear 出现

emit=to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出、放射

situation=circumstances=position=case=plight 情况、状况

self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you 自觉的

generate=to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生

various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety of something=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something 各种各样的

convenient=a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangement that is convenient 方便的

objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested 客观的

observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note become aware/conscious=catch somebody's eye=perceive 观察

comment=remark=thing to say=point=statement= announcement=declaration=observation 评论

include=consist of=comprise=be composed of=be made up of 包含、包括

focus on=deals only with=concentrate 专注于

affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect=make a difference=impact 影响

gained from=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from/be derived from=develop from/evolve from 产生于….

concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain=a feeling of worry about something important 关心、担心

official=formal=authorized=on (the) record 官方的、正式的

athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition 运动的

intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time=rapid=crash course 密集的、加强的

burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸、突发

recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell 认出、承认

inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of something=be short 不足的

develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from=be derived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from 发展、生长

enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for 使能够

predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance 预测

specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it=expert 专家

theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of the ideas or practical experience 理论的

basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=unsophisticated=low-tech 基本的

nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities of something=type 自然

aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end 目的

translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc 翻译

ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的

realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true to life=vivid 实际的、现实的

field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere 领域

document=a piece of paper that has official information on it; a piece of written work that is stored on a computer 文件

equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else 平等的

influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications 影响

behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble 行为

compare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different from each other=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel=contrast 比较

economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business 经济上的

establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or organization 建立新的生意/组织

sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continue for a long time 可持续的

realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=recognize=be conscious=know perfectly well=know/learn from experience 意识到

limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制

produce=form=create=generate 生产

guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=commit to=pledge 保证

liberty=freedom=a free hand 自由

independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立

consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used to show approval 持续的

underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really is=to think that someone is not as good, clever, or skillful, as they really are 低估

provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供

produce=develop=manufacture 生产

central=middle 中心的

did not have=without 没有

bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer 带来

time limit=deadline 时间限制、期限

increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick up=widen=intensify=build up 增加

assistant=helper=coach 助手

immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large scale/large-scale 巨大的

illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明、显示

quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语

predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈、前任

rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fight etc=competitor 对手、竞争者

distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing 分心的事物

fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness=bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误、缺点

cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石

confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予

stability=the condition of being steady and not changing 稳定

prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day 流行、获胜

contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约

grant=award=present=confer=allocate 给予

fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think they are extremely interesting 吸引、使着迷

disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰

expect=think=anticipate 预期、期待

psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学

obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform to=observe=respect=toe the line=go by the book/do something by the book 服从、顺从

identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份

severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性

unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开、发生

deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely 故意地

moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the difference between good and evil 道德上的、与道德有关的

prior to=before=previous 在…前面

repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times 重复

genetic=relating to genes or genetics 基因的、遗传学的

sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is more important 牺牲

victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered 受害者

forge=form=counterfeit 形成、伪造

persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服

surrender=give in 投降、放弃

extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish 灭绝的、绝种的

abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的、丰富的

exaggerate=overstate 夸张、夸大

phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that is studied because it is difficult to understand 现象

perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识、观念、看法

impression=infection=effect=influence=affection 印象、感想

entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格

distortion=a change for the worse=deformation 扭曲、曲解

dispose=to arrange things or put them in their places=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排、处理

intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering the facts=instinct 直觉

emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air 排放物、散发物

diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少、减小

postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期、推迟

crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的

pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a bad result=getting worse 悲观的

attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试、努力

similar=like=resemble 相似的

derive=originate=come from=stem from 起源

impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机、动力

generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture 产生

couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随

factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素

unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special 独特的

advance=progress=development=growth=increase 进步

field=domain=territory=industry=sector 领域

alternative=substitute=replacement 替代物

like=such as=for example=for instance 例如

resource=material=source 资源、来源

limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite 有限的

involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含、牵涉

current=modern=recent=present 最近的

particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique 特别的、独有的

draw on=absorb=do with 吸收

settle on=make choice of=decide on 选定

superiority=advantage=edge=high quality 优势

accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴、伴随

view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点

artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine 人工智能

involve with=associate with=link to=relate to 与…有关联

release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行、发表

difficult=demanding=hard=tough 困难的

task=job=work=labour 任务、工作

instantly=rapidly=immediately 立即地

react=respond 反应

relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系

subject views=outlook=personal/individual views=personal/individual opinions 主观观点

distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear; to report something in a way that is not completely true or correct=misinterpret 扭曲、歪曲

figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解、想出

assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment 评估、估计

emerge=appear=come forth 出现

remain=keep=stay=maintain 保持

exploitation=development=utilization=usage 利用、使用

foster=cultivate=raise=nurture 培养、养育

overtake=catch up=sweep over 赶上、压倒

initial=original=premier 最初的、开始的

whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet 然而、但是

outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果、后果

overcome=win=get over=exceed 克服、战胜

insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity 不足的

supply=provide=furnish=give 提供

launch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始、投放

suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think 猜想、设想

detect=perceive=explore=sense 发觉、觉察

handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍、困难

peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc 同龄人、伙伴

positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的

administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform 执行、管理

funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金、基金

interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc 互动

irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉

sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etc and form a solid layer 积淀

interrupt=break=violate=cut in 打断、打扰

process=procedure=method=approach 过程

threat=danger=intimidation 威胁

valuable=precious=worthy 宝贵的、珍贵的

construct=build=make=found 建造

blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad 责备、怪罪

stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate 鼓励、刺激

long-term=long-run=long-period 长期的

impact=affect=influence=effect 影响

occur=happen=exist=come 发生

contain=include=cover=possess 包含

military=battlefield=martial 军事的

separate=disparate=distinct=different 分开的、不同的

vanish=extinct=disappear 消失

consciousness=awareness 意识

ignite=light=inflame 点燃

encompass=include=contain=cover 包含、围绕

reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel 认为

widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general 广泛的、普遍的

launch=coin=project=release=issue 创新、开辟

contemporary=modern-day, present-day 同时代的

potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent 潜在的、可能的

prospect=expectation=outlook=chance 展望、希望

perception=idea=insight=viewpoint 感觉、领悟

community=organization=group=body 团体

fragile=delicate 脆弱的

remote=distant 遥远的

require=desire=order=command 要求

inhabitant=resident=dweller 居住者、居民

consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果、因此

destination=goal=end point=terminus 目的地

throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end 自始至终、到处、全部

operate=act=run 运转

output=product 输出、产品

decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降

undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏

revive=renaissance 复兴

unusual=rare=strange=uncommon 罕见的、不寻常的

ordinary=standard=common=usual=general 普通的、平常的

fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins 碎片

break=shatter=crack 打碎、打破

interior=inner layer=inside 内部的

insist=claim=argue=believe=think 坚持、坚称

expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance 扩张、扩大

suppress=control=restrain=repress=put down=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle 压制

speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed 加速

examine=analyze=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate 检查、调查

dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue 争论、争执

detect=analyze=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉、发现

claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe 声称

cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence 提示、信号、暗号

unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable 无法预测的

be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为

encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire 鼓励、促使

considerable=plenty=big=major=important 数量可观的

regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管、不顾

adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable 充足的、适当的

assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of 保证、确保

suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的

exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流

expertise=skill 专门技术

employ=analyze=study 使用

investigation=analysis 调查

narrow=focus on 缩小范围

reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制

funded support=finance 资金

athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员

calculate=measure 计算

event=championship 赛事

plan=prepare=design 计划

improve=grow=get better 进步

trade=economy 贸易

transport=import or export=deliver 运输

local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的

weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的

value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值

delivery=export or import 运输

nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻

international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的

shipping=freight 船运

cargo=freight=goods 货物

tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费

landscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view 风景

difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的

essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品

supply=provision=support 供给

grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长

respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration 尊重

understanding=knowledge 了解

well-being=health 健康

impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能

catch=exploit=capture 抓捕

surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境

push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限

not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的

present inhabitant=descendant 居民

give up=abandon 放弃

mainly=heavily=most 主要地

visit=venture 参观

successfully=spectacularly well=wonderfully 成功地

people power=local pressure groups 群众力量

commute=travel 通勤

higher=increasing=more 更高的

income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入

beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的

together=face to face 共同

refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳

accommodation=live=living condition 住宿

usage=use=benefit=profit 用处

averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的

limited=minimal 有限的

move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移

show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明

related=associated 有关联的

suffer=be afflicted 忍受(病痛)

research=study=investigation=survey 研究

affect=afflict=influence=change 影响

disease=medical complain=illness 病痛

increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升

link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系

considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked 大量的

reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease 下降

elderly people=old people 老人

independent=self-reliant 自立的

regular=daily 定期的

exercise=physical activity 运动

challenging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的

decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降

lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的

hand signal=gesture=body language 手势

restricted=limited 有限的

concept=abstract idea=definition 定义

specific=particular=detailed 特定的

early=older 早期的

fulfill=qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成

sufficient=enough 足够的

quantity=how many=amount 数量

misunderstanding=confusion 误解

prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止

poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷

newer=later=recent=present 新的

ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先

teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育

actor=star 演员

first=initial=early=primary 最早的

storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节

globe=world 世界

early=first=ancient 早期的

passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝

describe=tell 描述

realistic=achievable 现实的

target=goal=aim 目标

feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈

match to=suit to 合适

reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励

link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来

achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就

remuneration=payment 酬金

tend to=prone to 倾向于

feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉

participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加

staff=employee=worker 员工

visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的

clerical worker=clerk 书记员

judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评判

job=work=assignment 工作

delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off 延后

growing old=aging 变老

people=mortal=people=individual 人

life=lifespan 生命

chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck 机会

production=generation=output 产量

theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想

focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于

short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的

drug company=pharmaceutical company 医药公司

promotion=marketing 营销

increase=escalate=rise=go up=grow 上升

research=study=survey=investigation 研究

work=be an effective way=be useful=help=achieve=succeed=have an effect=happen=turn out 奏效

technique=strategy=skill=expertise=method=way 技术

criticism=judgment=skepticism=disapproval=denunciation 批评

moral=ethical 道德的

legitimate=have every right to do=legal=right=authorized 合法的

money=profit=benefit=income=currency 钱

adults=men and women 成人

maternal=mother=female 母亲的

education=literacy=cultivation 教育

child=infant=kid 孩子

approximately=about=around=nearly 大约

impressive=greatest=touching=unforgettable 印象深刻的

program=campaign=project 项目

common=persistent=normal=usual=ordinary=everyday 常见的

be halved=decline by 50% 减半

key=most important=crucial=critical=significant 关键的

produce=develop=generate=engineer=manufacture 生产

detailed=explicit=specific 细节的

on its own=alone 自身

however=but=yet 但是

self-confidence=assertiveness=confidence 自信

effective=useful=beneficial=good=needed 有效的

distinguish=recognize the difference=differentiate 区别

rely on=depend on 依靠

avoid=stay away=keep away=steer clear of=make a detour 避免

die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝

hunt=search for=look for=try to find=in search of 打猎

limb=arm or leg=body=organ 四肢

perceive=sense=see=spot=become aware of=observe 感知、感觉

calculate=measure=work out=figure=estimate=access 计算

detection=finding=observation 探测

coin=invent=make=create=come up with 发明、创造

inaccurate=incorrect=wrong=misleading 不精确的

revision=change=shift=reform=alteration 改进

downward=fall=drop=downhill 下降的

increasing=soaring=growing=rising 上升的

primarily=mainly=largely=chiefly=principally 主要的

due to=because of=as a result of=thanks to=owing to 因为

decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降

radical=not traditional=new=unconventional 激进的

prior to=beforehand=before=in advance=on the eve of 之前

demanding=difficult=hard=challenging=tough 要求高的、艰难的

well known=notorious=famous=renowned 著名的

admit=acknowledge=confess=to tell the truth 承认

be similar to=like=resemble=bear a resemblance to=akin to 相似

result in=lead to=cause=give rise to=bring about 引发、导致

sophisticated=advanced=high-tech=complex=complicated 复杂的

address=solve=deal with=handle 处理

imitate=copy=impersonate=follow one's example 模仿

maintain=continue=carry on=keep up=preserve 维持

feed=eat=have=chew=swallow=consume 喂食

illustrate=show=demonstrate=make clear=reflect 说明

memorize=learn=commit something to memory 记忆

conventional=traditional=conformist=conservative 传统的

notice=see=spot=be aware of=be conscious of 注意到

retain=keep=save=hold on to 保持

convince=persuade=win sb. over=satisfy 使确信

spectacular=impressive=imposing=striking=grand 壮观的

interior=inner=inside 内部的

change=shift=alter=transfer 改变

establish=build=found=set up=start 建立

official=authority=leader=supervisor 官员

isolated=inaccessible=distant=remote=faraway 隔离的、边远的

collapse=fall=fall over=fall down 倒塌

destroy=devastate=wreck=obliterate 毁灭

absorb=digest=take in=assimilate 吸收

severe=serious=stiff=heavy 严重的

purify=refine=distill 净化

hidden=disguised=concealed=veiled 隐藏的

decline=decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降

deteriorate=get worse=go down=decline 变坏

recognize=know=identify=pick out 认出

conclude=summarize=come to/reach the conclusion 得出结论

adapt to=get used to=become accustomed to=adjust to 适应

initiate=start=launch=open=set in motion 开始、发起

refer to=mention=allude to=touch on 提到

identify=name=recognize=diagnose 确定、认同

request=demand=claim=petition=appeal 要求

be divided into=separate=split=break up=break down 分开

consist of=be made up of=be composed of=comprise 由…组成

hinder=hamper=impede 阻碍

objective=aim=purpose=goal=target 目标

implement=carry on=execute=put sth. Into practice 实行

promote=encourage=help=aid 促进

warn=caution=alert=give sb. a warning 警告

observation post=watchtower 瞭望塔

access=entrance=entryway=way in 通路、进入

cause=reason=factor=origin=root 原因

measure=weigh=time=take=read 测量

route=motorway=highway=expressway 车道

exclude=omit=miss out=leave out=drop 排除在外

renewable=sustainable=recycling=environmentally friendly 可再生的

exist=there is/are=be found=occur 存在

limit=restrict=constrain=confine=keep to 限制

boundary=border=edge=outskirts=frontier 边界

allow for=make sth. Possible 使…成为可能

proposal=suggestion=recommendation=proposition 提议

urban=city=town=municipal 城市的

odor=smell=stench=stink 味道

find one's way=navigate 导航

bearing=position=standing 方位

exchange=share=distribute 分享

waste=unwanted materials=rubbish=garbage=trash 废物

dental=teeth 牙齿的

priority=preferential=the most important=overriding 优先

encourage=promote=help=support=be supportive 鼓励

explore=look for=discuss=think 探索

factor=cause=reason=root=origin 因素

cultivate=grow=raise 培养

convert=modify=transfer=adapt=customize 转变

digest=take in=absorb=assimilate 消化

preserve=protect=keep=store=keep sth. In storage 保存、保护

monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视

allocate=distribute=apportion=grant=confer 分配

decline=decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降

fragile=weak=delicate=breakable=feeble 脆弱的

upgrade=improve=make sth.better=make improvements 改进、提高

advanced=developed=sophisticated=high-tech 先进的

sustainable=renewable=recycling=environmentally friendly 可持续的

evidence=proof=documentation 证据

long-standing=lengthy=long-running=lasting 长期的

large numbers of=tens of thousands of=many 大量的

large=massive=huge=enormous=vast 巨大的

resemble=look like=alike=much the same=akin to 相像

foe=enemy=adversary=hostile 敌人

more than=exceed=over=in excess of 超过

decrease=crash=reduction=fall=drop 下降

stop=halt=come to a halt 停止

sufficient=abundant=enough=adequate 充足的

establish=found=build=set up 建立

be Successful=prosper=do well=succeed=thrive 成功

recognize=certify=accept=acknowledge 承认

label=display=call=brand=hail 贴标签、命名

adapt=adjust=get used to=become/grow accustomed to 适应

mistake=error=fault=slip=mix-up 错误

keep a check on=monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视

unexpected=unpredictable=unforeseeable 不可预见的

generally=in general=in the whole=all in all=all things considered 大体上的

previously=before=earlier=formerly 先前

apply=use=make use of=exercise=utilize 应用

due to=because=since=owing to=thanks to=as a result of 因为

raise=lift=lift up=pick up=scoop up 使…上升

in addition=besides=additionally=too=also=as well 除此之外

inhabitant=resident=population=citizen=local 居民

collapse=failure=fall 崩塌、失败

set up=establish=found=start=open 建立

ensure=make sure=make certain=see to it that 保证

assist=help=aid=give a hand=do sth. For 协助

deny=refuse=withhold 否认

permit=allow=let=agree to=authorize 许可

interfere=intrude=disrupt=meddle 干扰

repeat=redo=retake=do sth. again 重复

prevent=stop=restrain=hold back=discourage 阻止

disrupt=disturb=upset=break up 打扰

long-term=chronic=long=lengthy=long-running 长期的

expose=show=reveal=present=let sb. see 暴露、揭发

intense=strong=passionate=powerful=fervent 强烈的

random=arbitrary=at random 任意的、随机的

require=demand=need=call for 要求

fatigue=tiredness=exhaustion=drowsiness 疲劳

manifest=show=reveal=present 显示

concentrate=pay attention=put one's mind on=attentive 专注

produce=make=manufacture=create=fashion 生产

carry out=implement=put sth. into practice=execute 实行

perform=do=conduct=dabble in 执行

agree=concur=go along with=fall in with=go with 同意

skeptic and advocate=different attitude 不同的看法

significance=impressive=meaning=sense 重要性

meditation: the practice of emptying your mind of thoughts and feelings, in order to relax completely or for religious reasons 冥想、沉思

parapsychology: the scientific study of mysterious abilities that some people claim to have, such as knowing what will happen in the future 通灵学

environment=condition=light, sound, warmth=situation=circumstance 环境

alter=change=revise=make changes 改变

trial=experiment=test 实验

success rate=positive result=achievement=progress=breakthrough=accomplishment成就

pick out=identify=recognize=know=tell 认出、识别

limit=minimize=maximum=the most=ceiling=cut-off point 限制

different=individual=not like=vary=not the same=contrast with=diverse 独特的

invention=device=creation=innovation 发明、装置

cold temperature=freezing weather=chilly=frosty=wintry=cold snap 寒冷的

farming=agriculture 农业

simultaneous=at the same time=together=at once=at one time 同时的

uniform=equal=homogeneous 均衡的

devise=formulate=invent=create=come up with=make up=conceive=coin=dream up 创造

civil=municipal=metropolitan 城市的

divide=split=separate=break up=break down=take apart=take something to piece 分开

new=revolutionary=original=innovation=fresh=novel=be in its infancy 新的、革命的

create=introduce=invent=make sth. do sth.=be the cause=lead to sth 发明

organize=co-ordinate=arrange=set out=put something in order=line up 组织、使协调

public event=communal activity 公众、社交活动

aviation disaster=sky accident=air crash 空难

prompt=result in=lead to=make somebody do something=cause somebody to do something=lead somebody to do something=motivate=induce somebody to do something 导致

resemble=like=similar=alike=much the same=comparable 类似

oversimplify=incomplete=simplistic=generalize=see things in black and white 过于简化的、不完整的

altitude=from…meters above the ground=height=how high=level 高度

zone=airspace=region=area=district=quarter=block=suburb 区域

weather=meteorological=climate=condition 气候

categorize=class/type=sort=classify=be grouped=grade 分类

create=establish=invent=start up=open=set up=found=inception 创建

beacon and flashing=light=beam 灯光

improve=develop=evolve=get better=catch up=pick up=things are looking up 发展、进化

aircraft=plane=by air 飞机

average-sized=medium-sized 中等的

city=metropolitan=urban=town=village=civic=municipal=downtown 城市

pendulum : a long metal stick with a weight at the bottom that swings regularly from side to side to control the working of a clock

coincidental : happening completely by chance without being planned 巧合的

disobey : to refuse to do what someone with authority tells you to do, or refuse to obey a rule or law 不服从

drastically : extreme and sudden 彻底地

carry out : subject to : 使服从

remain=stay=keep=continue to be=still 保持

detect=inspect=examine=notice=spot=become aware / conscious=note=conserve=perceive 检查

fault=flaw=defect=trouble=bug=virus=be something wrong with=be something matter with 缺陷、缺点

enough=sufficient=adequate=cover=meet somebody's need 足够的

main=largely=principal=chief=major=key=primary=prime=predominant=core 主要的

documentation=written account=evidence=proof 证明

shift=switch=transfer=move=jerk 转换

consistent=lasting=stay the same=constant=unchanging 持续的

drought=no rain at all=dry=dusty 干旱的

period=cycle=era=age 年代

random=arbitrary=at random 随机的

molten=hot=heat=boiling / boiling hot=scalding / scalding hot 熔化的

intense=strong=passionate=powerful=deep 强烈的

discover=explore=find / unearth=turn up 开发、发现

pattern=trade / commodity=business 贸易

relate to=associate with=link to / connect to=identify with 联系

feeling=emotional response / sensory=a sense of=passion 感觉

unappreciated=undervalued 低估的

difficult=elusive=hard / tough=easier said than done 困难的、难懂的

interpretation=be considered to be=understanding=reading 理解

define=distinguish=tell the difference 使明确

damage=impair=break=do/cause damage=scratch 损害

realize=consciously consider=occur to=become aware=sink in=strike=hit=wake up to the fact that 想到

reveal=show=demonstrate=let somebody see=present=expose=let somebody take a look 显示

to be defined=unanswered 无答案的

husbands and wives=marriage partner / spouse=couple=newlyweds 夫妇

linguistic=language 语言

describe=name=express=give a description of=talk about=write about=give an account of=tell of 描述

lack=do not exist=not enough=scarce=inadequate=insufficient=in short supply 缺乏的

do not smell=odorless 没有气味的

regard as=consider to 把…认作

unpleasant=offensive=horrible / disgusting / revolting=not very nice=nasty 极讨厌的

certain=some=a measure of 一些

correspond=be consist of=coincide=match up 一致

relevance 关联

float=afloat 浮动

building=property=construction 建筑

support=back=be behind=in support of=back somebody up 支持

financial support=fund=financial aid 资助

stumbling block=difficulty=trouble 麻烦

create=generate=form=produce 形成

direct=guide=lead=instruct=give order/instruction 指导

beam=laser=ray=glow=glare 光线、激光

aim=direct at=purpose=point=idea=objective=goal=target 目的

test in real=field test 实地测试

genius=talent=intellectual=intelligence=brains=brilliant=wisdom 天才

inherit=run in family=receive=get=be given=be awarded 继承

talent=prodigy=skill=ability=craftsmanship=flair=have a knack=a natural ability to do something well 才能、技能

lessen=minimize=subside=lighten=relieve=ease=allay 减少

significance=supremacy=definition=meaning=sense=connotation 重要的

achieve=make=succeed=manage=make progress=accomplish=get results 达成

limitation=restricted=disadvantage=drawback=liability=the downside 限制

inexorable=inevitable=unstoppable=remorseless 无法改变的

stable=characteristic=constant=steady=fixed=unchanging 稳定的

life span=duration of life 寿命

biological clock=internal clock 生物钟

prolong=extend=drag out=spin out 延伸、延长

principle=law=conscience=scruples 原则、法则

optimal=better=best 最佳的

conserve=save / frugal=reserve=keep back 节约、保存

immortality : the state of living for ever or being remembered for ever 不朽的

organism=living thing=life form=wildlife =an animal, plant, human, or any other living thing 有机的

middle-year education=lower secondary school 中学

format=pattern 格式

key=contributing factor=important=major=significant=critical 关键

achievement=attainment=progress=breakthrough=accomplishment 成就

spacious=largely=big=huge=vast=enormous=immense 广阔的

adapt=accessible=get used to=become/grow accustomed to=adjust to 适应、可接近的

careful=elaborate=conscientious=thorough=meticulous=methodical 仔细的、精心的

supplementary=assist=additional=extra=further=added=spare=more=another 补充、帮助

effort=hard work=work at=push yourself=labor 努力

correct answer=accuracy 精确

imbalance=disorder=unequal=disproportionate 不平衡、紊乱

no longer respond=resistance=fight against 抵抗

cost=financial outlay=spend=charge=fare=rental=toll 支出

innate=built-in 先天的

immunity=resistance 免疫力

entail=involve 包含

circumstance=system 环境、系统

feed on=prey on 以…为食

blight=plague 破坏

wipe out=eradicate=get rid of=abolish=scrap=do away with=eliminate 根除

plague=infest=troublesome 折磨

compare=determination of variation=contrast=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel 对比

criterion=identification=standard=scale 标准、识别

compatible=use both method=well-matched=be made for each other=be a perfect match /pair/couple=be right for=be ideally suited 兼容的

specimen=individual 标本

container=plastic or glass tube 容器

wet=marshy=soaked=waterlogged=awash 湿的

habitat=area=the environment=ecosystem=ecology 栖息地

pitfall=trap 陷进

little time and effort is required=minimal maintenance and intervention 最小程度的维修与介入

pesticide: a chemical substance used to kill insects and small animals that destroy crops 杀虫剂

preservative: a chemical substance that is used to prevent things from decaying, for example food or wood 防腐剂返回搜狐，查看更多