连字符虽好,可不要滥用哦 |
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前言:上周跟大家分享过前后缀中连字符的用法,今天紧接上周内容,将连字符这一节完整地呈现给大家,我们的口号是:要么不总结,总结就要总结完整;要么不分享,分享就分享全套。 1. 拼写出来的分数之间,必须要有连字符举例:one-half one-ninth three-fourths two-thirds 2. 两个单词合成的动词之间,需要用连字符举例:air-dry freeze-dry jump-start ring-expand flame-seal 3. 动词短语之间不要用连字符,当这些词用作名词或者形容词时,一般直接拼写在一起,或者加连字符,具体查询字典。举例:break down mix up stand by scale up build up hand out wear out grow up 4. 当外来语当作一个整体修饰语(unit modifiers)时,该外来语之间不用连字符。举例:ab initio calculation ad hoc committee insitu evaluation in vivo reactions请特别注意,这些外来词也不需要用斜体。 5. 当姓氏含两个单词时,可以采用连字符或者空格来连接这两个词。举例:Robert Baden-Powell David Ben-Gurion 6. 整体修饰语(Unit modifiers)一般由两个单词组成,用于修饰名词,这两个单词之间通常要接连字符。整体修饰语的构成一般为:1) 一个名词+一个形容词,例如:time-dependent reaction, radiation-sensitive compound, water-soluble polymer, halogen-free oscillator.2) 一个形容词+一个名词,例如:high-frequency transition, small-volume method, first-order reaction, outer-sphere redox couple.3) 一个形容词+一个分词结构,例如:slow-growing tree, broad-based support,far-reaching influence.4) 一个名词+一个分词结构,例如:time-consuming project, earth-shaking news, silver-coated electrode.5) 一个副词+一个形容词,例如:above-average results, still-unproven technique.6) 两个名词,例如:ion-exchange resin, liquid-crystal polymers, transition-state modeling, charge-transfer reaction, gas-phase hydrolysis.例外:water gas shift particle size distribution 7. 两个颜色词连在一起作为整体修饰语时,要用连字符连起来举例:blue-green solution silver-gray body red-black precipitate 8. 当整体修饰语中第一个词为副词且以ly结尾时,不要接连字符举例:accurately measured values carefully planned experiment 9. 包含副词“well”, “still”, “ever”, “ill”和“little”的整体修饰语中,需要用连字符举例: ever-present danger ever-rising costs ill-fitting stopper little-known hypothesis still-new equipment well-known scientist10. 数字与单位之间不要接连字符。举例: 2 × 10–4 cm–1 peak 25 K increments 10 mg sample 11. 当两个或者多个整体修饰语修饰同一个名词时,如果这些修饰语后半部分一样,那么只在前半部分后接连字符,不需要重复后半部分。举例:first- and second-order reactionshigh-, medium-, and low-frequency measurements12. 化学品名称作为整体修饰语时,不需要接连字符。举例:acetic anhydride concentration sodium hydroxide solution 13. 由一个单字符或者数字与名词或者形容词组成的整体修饰语之间要加连字符。举例:α-helix structure 13C-enriched proteins π-electronsystem 1-isomer profile14. 如果整体修饰语中有一个词是专有名词,不需要加连字符举例:Fourier transform technique Lewis acid catalysis Schiff base measurement15. 整体修饰语中有拼写出来的数字时,要加连字符举例:five-coordinate complex three-neck flask one-electron transferseven-membered ring two-compartmentmodel two-phase system16. 三个及其以上单词组成的整体修饰语,要加连字符(要注意专有名词,化学品名称等特殊规则)举例:head-to-head placement root-mean-square analysis high-molecular-weight compoundout-of-plane distance Lewis acid catalyzed reactions sodium chloride to iron ratio 推荐:本文主要参考Coghill, A., et al., in the ACS Style Guide, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006. |
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