图片来源@广东天气

台风相关知识

一、Typhoon的起源

typhoon 来自于 typhon，这是一个 希腊词汇，表示“旋风”（whirlwind），来源于希腊神话中的一个角色--Typhon，常常被翻译为“堤丰”。【堤丰（Typhon）号称“万妖之王”（the father of all monsters），既能喷烈火，又能刮旋风。】后来，该词又辗转来到中国。当时中国还没有“台风”的说法，在粤语中，人们把“大风”念成 /daaih-fùng/，这种发音和 typhon 非常相似，后来就慢慢演变成了现在的 typhoon。

二、各地区“台风”的不同称谓

"hurricane" (the North Atlantic Ocean, the Northeast Pacific Ocean east of the dateline, or the South Pacific Ocean east of 160E)

“飓风”(北大西洋、日期线以东的东北太平洋或160E以东的南太平洋)

"typhoon" (the Northwest Pacific Ocean west of the dateline)

“台风”(日期线以西的西北太平洋)

"severe tropical cyclone" or "Category 3 cyclone" and above (the Southwest Pacific Ocean west of 160°E or Southeast Indian Ocean east of 90°E)

“强热带气旋”或“3级气旋”及以上（东经160度以西的西南太平洋或东经90度以东的东南印度洋）

"very severe cyclonic storm" (the North Indian Ocean)

“非常严重的气旋风暴” (北印度洋)

"tropical cyclone" (the Southwest Indian Ocean)

“热带气旋”（西南印度洋）

三、风力等级

0级 Calm 无风

It was a calm sea.海上风平浪静。

1级 Light air 软风

South to southeast light air turns to moderate breeze tonight. And many places will become dry with clear spells. There will be localized showers in certain areas.

今晚，南至东南软风转和风。未来大部分地区转为干燥，持续晴朗，局部仍有阵雨。

2级 Light breeze 轻风

A light breeze was blowing.

轻风习习。

3级 Gentle breeze 微风

This gentle breeze made me sleepy.

这微风让我昏昏欲睡。

4级 Moderate breeze 和风

For the group stage of this championship, sunny and mild weather is expected, with moderate winds starting from Tuesday. Then it will fade, and there will be light westerly winds on Sunday.

本次锦标赛小组赛阶段，预计天气晴朗温和，周二起和风，随后风势渐弱，周日轻微西风。

5级 Fresh breeze 清风

A fresh breeze puffed across the lake.

一阵清风吹过湖面。

6级 Strong breeze 强风

The palm trees wavered in the strong breeze.

棕榈树在强风中摇摆。

7级 Moderate gale 疾风

The weather forecast says the wind will blow for three days, with a moderate gale of force 7 this afternoon.

天气预报说这风要刮三天，今天下午有七级大风。

8级 Fresh gale 大风

The fresh gale screamed through the harbor.

大风呼啸着吹过港口。

9级 Strong gale 烈风

The foremast broke in the strong gale.

前桅杆在烈风中折断了。

10级 Whole gale 狂风

The roof of the house has been lifted off by the whole gale.

房子被狂风掀掉了屋顶。

11级 Storm 暴风

The ship was smashed to pieces by the storm.

轮船被风暴撞成了碎片。

12-17级 Hurricane 飓风

Hurricane Betty is now approaching the coast of Florida.

飓风贝蒂正在逼近佛罗里达海岸。

台风相关词汇

1

台风相关词汇（向上滑动）

Meteorology 气象学

heavy rain 大雨、暴雨

torrential rain 倾盆大雨

storm track 风暴路径

orange alert 橙色预警

red alert 红色预警

safety precaution 安全预防措施

tropical storm 热带风暴

ebb away 衰退、渐逝

power line 输电线

warning system 报警系统

typhoon 台风

high wind 狂风

tropical cyclone 热带气旋

tropical depression 热带低压

eye 风眼

Mild Typhoon轻台风

Moderate Typhoon中台风

Severe Typhoon强台风

Super Typhoon超级台风

typhoon warning台风警报

land warning陆上警报

sea warning海上警报

2

各种“风”的表达（向上滑动）

wind scale 风级

tornado 龙卷风

dust devil 尘卷风

surface wind 地面风

prevailing wind盛行风

constant wind 恒风

headwind逆风

downwind 顺风

trade wind 信风

northwester 西北风

northeast trades 东北信风

near gale/gusty wind 疾风

squall 狂风

gust 阵风

3

其他词汇（向上滑动）

traffic safety 交通（行车）安全

early warning 早期预警

densely-populated 人口密集的

evacuation 撤离、疏散

coastal areas 沿海地区

direct economic loss 直接经济损失

emergency response plan 应急预案

breached dike 决口堤岸

landslide 滑坡

mudslide 泥石流

transport infrastructure

交通基本设施

Central Meteorological Office

中央气象局

National Disaster Reduction Committee

国家减灾委员会

flood control and drought relief headquarters

防洪抗旱总指挥部

National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center

国家海洋环境预报中心

sea dyke 海堤

spill of toxic chemicals

有毒化学品泄漏

container storage area

集装箱储放区

high wave 狂浪

development zone 开发区

border protection troops 边防支队

provincial meteorological observatory 省级气象台

precipitation level 降雨量

skirt 绕过

passenger liners 定期客船

【END】

*本文图片均来自网络，侵删

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