肌肉减少症（简称肌少症）是以广泛的、渐进的骨骼肌质量和力量减少或丧失为特点，并可能导致机体残疾、生活质量下降、甚至死亡的综合征。肌少症可导致罹患者行动障碍、跌倒及骨折风险增加，从而造成日常生活能力丧失和残疾等严重后果。双能X线吸收法（DXA）具有经济、快速、可重复性强、辐射剂量小及能同时呈现肌肉、脂肪和骨量等优点，现已成为研究及临床应用中估测肌肉质量的首选方法。笔者就DXA肌肉质量测定在肌少症诊疗中的研究进展进行综述。

Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by extensive and progressive loss of mass and strength of skeletal muscle and may lead to disability, decline in quality of life, or even death. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can simultaneously examine muscle, fat, and bone mass with the advantages of low cost, fast operation, high repeatability, and low radiation dose. This technique has become the first choice to estimate muscle mass in research and clinical practice. This review focuses on the progress of DXA application in sarcopenia.