华为华三交换机通过ip address dhcp |
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华为华三交换机通过ip address dhcp
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前言
命令功能
ip address dhcp-alloc命令用来开启接口下的DHCP Client功能。 undo ip address dhcp-alloc命令用来关闭接口下的DHCP Client功能。 缺省情况下，接口下DHCP Client功能处于关闭状态。 应用场景 为了使Switch的接口通过DHCP协议动态获取IP地址，可以在接口上配置DHCP Client功能。DHCP Client可以使用DHCP协议向Server请求分配一个IP地址。DHCP Client主要包含两个过程： 向Server发送DHCP请求报文处理Server返回的DHCP响应报文DHCP Client在使用DHCP协议获取IP地址时，先向Server发送DHCP请求报文，Server接收到请求报文后，将返回DHCP响应报文。DHCP Client从接收到响应报文中可以获取所分配到的IP地址的相关信息。 注意事项 设备接口下获取地址的方式有两种，一种是静态配置（执行命令ip address），一种是通过动态方式获取（执行命令ip address dhcp-alloc）。静态配置的优先级高，静态方式的配置会覆盖动态方式的配置。如果执行命令ip address dhcp-alloc成功获取到IP地址后，再执行命令undo ip address会删除动态获取的IP地址以及动态方式的配置信息。如果执行命令ip address dhcp-alloc没有申请到地址，再执行命令undo ip address不会删除动态方式的配置信息。 拓补图
我们按照图示的链路类型，模拟了三台交换机，然后不同的方式下均获取到了IP地址。 CORE-test01: test1的交换机以ACCESS的方式接入了vlan10 CORE-test02：两端都以trunk的方式互联，并且允许vlan10通过 CORE-test03:两端都以trunk的方式互联，允许所有vlan通过。 CORE system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]undo info-center enable //关闭信息中心提示 Info: Information center is disabled. [Huawei]sysname CORE //命名设备 [CORE]vlan batch 10 //创建vlan10 Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done. [CORE]dhcp enable //开启DHCP服务 Info: The operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment.done. [CORE]interface Vlanif 10 //进入三层虚拟接口vlanif10 [CORE-Vlanif10]ip address 192.168.10.254 24 //配置IP地址 [CORE-Vlanif10]dhcp select global //选择DHCP的方式是全局方式 [CORE-Vlanif10]quit [CORE]ip pool test //创建名为“test”的地址池名 Info:It's successful to create an IP address pool. [CORE-ip-pool-test]network 192.168.10.0 mask 24 //宣告网段 [CORE-ip-pool-test]gateway-list 192.168.10.254 //配置网关 [CORE-ip-pool-test]dns-list 114.114.114.114 //配置DNS [CORE-ip-pool-test]quit [CORE]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 //进入G0/0/1端口 [CORE-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access //设置链路类型为access [CORE-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10 //使得该端口属于vlan10 [CORE-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit [CORE]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2 [CORE-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk //设置链路类型是trunk [CORE-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 //允许vlan10通过 [CORE-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit [CORE]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3 [CORE-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type trunk [CORE-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port trunk allow-pass vlan all //允许所有vlan通过 [CORE-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]quit [CORE] test01 system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]undo info-center enable Info: Information center is disabled. [Huawei]sysname test01 [test01]dhcp enable //开启DHCP服务 Info: The operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment.done. [test01]interface Vlanif 1 [test01-Vlanif1]ip address dhcp-alloc //开启接口下的DHCP Client功能 [test01-Vlanif1]quit [test01]display interface Vlanif 1 Vlanif1 current state : UP Line protocol current state : UP Last line protocol up time : 2020-01-08 21:40:22 UTC-08:00 Description: Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500 Internet Address is allocated by DHCP, 192.168.10.253/24 //此时已经获取了IP地址，192.168.10.253 IP Sending Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 4c1f-cc92-4bf0 Current system time: 2020-01-08 21:40:24-08:00 Input bandwidth utilization : -- Output bandwidth utilization : -- [test01] test02 system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]undo info-center enable Info: Information center is disabled. [Huawei]sysname test02 [test02]dhcp enable Info: The operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment.done. [test02]vlan batch 10 Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done. [test02]interface Vlanif 10 [test02-Vlanif10]ip address dhcp-alloc [test02-Vlanif10]quit [test02]interface Ethernet0/0/1 [test02-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk [test02-Ethernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 [test02-Ethernet0/0/1]quit [test02]display interface Vlanif 10 Vlanif10 current state : UP Line protocol current state : UP Last line protocol up time : 2020-01-08 21:43:31 UTC-08:00 Description: Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500 Internet Address is allocated by DHCP, 192.168.10.252/24 //此时已经获取了IP地址，192.168.10.252 IP Sending Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 4c1f-cc12-7082 Current system time: 2020-01-08 21:45:50-08:00 Input bandwidth utilization : -- Output bandwidth utilization : -- test03 [Huawei]undo info-center enable Info: Information center is disabled. [Huawei]dhcp enable Info: The operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment.done. [Huawei]vlan batch 10 Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done. [Huawei]sysname test03 [test03]interface Ethernet0/0/1 [test03-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk [test03-Ethernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan all [test03-Ethernet0/0/1]quit [test03]interface Vlanif 10 [test03-Vlanif10]ip address dhcp-alloc [test03-Vlanif10]quit [test03]display interface Vlanif 10 Vlanif10 current state : UP Line protocol current state : UP Last line protocol up time : 2020-01-08 21:54:14 UTC-08:00 Description: Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500 Internet Address is allocated by DHCP, 192.168.10.251/24 //获取到了核心的地址池地址，192.168.10.251 IP Sending Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 4c1f-ccf6-754f Current system time: 2020-01-08 21:54:15-08:00 Input bandwidth utilization : -- Output bandwidth utilization : -- [test03] 总结在实际的网络应用中，可能有以下场景会遇到这条命令。 1：一台完全的傻瓜交换机，我想配置简单一点，且想让它所有端口都能DHCP自动获取IP地址，并且默认的vlanif1也有个可以通信的IP地址，那么我们就可以吧上联端口设置成为ACCESS端口，而傻瓜交换机在全局开启DHCP服务的情况下，使用命令ip address dhcp-alloc。即可完成需求。 2：不想用默认的vlan1，那么以vlan10举例，在需要配置的交换机上，吧所有PC连接的端口批量以ACCESSS端口加入vlan10，然后两端的交换机互联的端口均以trunk的方式放行valn10，在全局开启DHCP服务的情况下，然后在vlanif10里执行这条命令，ip address dhcp-alloc即可获得一个管理地址。 |
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