什么是“动名词的复合结构”

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什么是“动名词的复合结构”

2024-07-10 16:21| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

At the beginning of class, the noise of desks being opened and closed could be heard outside the class. 

有人说下划线部分充当的语法成分是“动名词的复合结构”,请问这是什么意思呢?

回答如下:

【1】如果逻辑主语是一个短语或有修饰语, 一般用名词通格或人称代词的宾格的形式

I insist on both of them coming in time.

我坚持要他们两人准时来。

Do you remember Mary and her mother coming to see us last year?

你还记得玛丽和她的妈妈去年来看过我们吗?

【4】无生命的事物名词作逻辑主语时一般采用通格形式

The suggestion of the meeting being put off was not adopted by the chairman

.延期召开会议的建议没有被主席采纳。

the noise of desks being opened and closed could be heard outside the class.

句子主语为:动名词逻辑主语+动名词词构成复合结构

逻辑主语为:(the noise of) desks(无生命的事物作动名词的逻辑主语一般采用普通格)

动名词为:being open and closed

句子谓语:could be heard 

句子状语:outside the class

关于动名词复合结构的构成详细讲解

物主代词/人称代词或名词所有格/普通格与动名词连用,就构成了动名词的复合结构。物主代词或名词所有格等是动名词的逻辑主语

【一】动名词复合结构构成及表现形式

【1】名词所有格/物主代词+动名词,

I insist on Mary’s going there.

我坚持要玛丽到那儿去。

I had not heard of your being ill. 我没听说你病了。

【2】名词普通格/人称代词宾格+动名词

In fact, I think it’s very much nicer without him, if you don’t mind me saying so. 

实际上,如果你不介意我这样说的话,我觉得没有他在好多了

【3】英语名词有普通格和所有格两种形式。

A.通格就是名词的原形,在句中用作主语、宾语、表语时词形不发生变化。

B.所有格一般表示所有关系,有's所有格和of所有格两种。

【二】在确定逻辑主语的格的形式时须注意事项

【1】 动名词复合结构作主语时一般用名词所有格或物主代词

Nixon’s visiting China marked a new ear between U.S. and China diplomatic relations. 

尼克松访问中国标志着中美外交关系进入一个新的时代。

【2】在口语和非正式语体中,只要不是作主语,动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格

The doctor does not mind me /my eating a little meat occasionally.

代夫并不反对我偶尔吃一点肉。

 I don’t like the idea of our living here.

我不愿意我们住在这里。

【3】如果逻辑主语是一个短语或有修饰语, 一般用名词通格或人称代词的宾格的形式

I insist on both of them coming in time.

我坚持要他们两人准时来。

Do you remember Mary and her mother coming to see us last year?

你还记得玛丽和她的妈妈去年来看过我们吗?

【4】无生命的事物名词作逻辑主语时一般采用通格形式

The suggestion of the meeting being put off was not adopted by the chairman.延期召开会议的建议没有被主席采纳。

【5】以-s 结尾的复数名词作逻辑主语时一般用通格

The librarian wouldn’t like his books being earmarked.图书管理员不喜欢书角被折。

【6】集合名词、单复数同形的名词或变化不规则的复数名词作逻辑主语并同动名词一起作宾语时,一般用通格。

I was surprised at the children playing in the street yesterday

【7】it作逻辑主语时用宾格或所有格均可,但指时间时用宾格。

She was worried about the little bird:she was frightened of it/its building a nest in the  chimney. 她很为小鸟担忧,为它在烟囱中筑巢而感到害怕。 A:Why, it’s eleven o’clock already.  B:I’m surprised at it being so late.

【三】动名词的复合结构在句子中的所充当成分

(1) 作主语

His coming home late worries his other.

John’s coming here will get us out of trouble.

约翰的到来将会使我们脱离困境。

The students' knowing English well will help them to learn French.

学生学好了英语对学习法语有帮助。

( 2)  作动词或短语动词的宾语

I remember Tom's going there.我记得汤姆去过那里。

I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.

你今天下午能回电话的话,我将非常感谢。

 I don’t remember him/his giving me that book.

我记得他给过我那本书。

Do you mind my smoking?

我抽烟你介意吗?

Her parents insisted on her studying medicine.

她父母坚持要她学医

 Have you heard of my sister’s winning the contest?

我妹妹在竞赛中获胜的事你听说了吗?

(3)作介词宾语

Mary insisted on my reading the letter.玛丽坚持要我看信。

 I don’t like the idea of our living here.

我不愿意我们住在这里。

I knew nothing about the window being open.

我一点也不知道窗户敞开着。

He left the city without our knowing it

他离开城市我们大家都不知道。.

特别备注(1):在口语和非正式文体中,动名词复合结构作宾语时,常用人称代词宾格代替物主代词,用名词普通格代替所有格

 

I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.

我简直不敢想象彼得在五天内横渡大西洋。

They don't like me coming here.他们不喜欢我到这儿来。

特别备注(2):

若动名词的逻辑主语是无生命的“物”,而不是“人”时,最好用普通格。

 I was afraid of the tent falling down during the night.

我怕夜里帐篷倒塌了。

特别备注(3):名词的逻辑主语由较长的一组词构成时,最好用普通格。

 Do you remember John and his father coming to see us last Christmas?

你还记得约翰和他的父亲去年圣诞节来看我们吗?

特别备注(4若动名词复合结构作主语时,则最好用所有格或物主代词。

 Tom's/His coming home late worries his mother.汤姆/他的晚归使他妈妈担心。

(4) 作表语

 What is most important is Tom’s going there at once.

The main trouble is their not having enough money.

【四】动名词复合结构的否定式、被动式和完成式

动名词复合结构的否定式仍然是在动名词前面加not等否定词;动名词与其逻辑主语之间构成被动关系时,动名词用被动式;动名词表示的动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前时,动名词用完成式。

Mary's not passing the exam made her mother very angry.

玛丽考试不及格使她妈妈非常生气。

She didn't mind her books being taken away and used by other students.

她并不介意她的书被别的学生拿去用。

I know nothing about his having gone to Beijing.

我不知道他已经去了北京。

 

 

 



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