英语语法:非谓语动词时态 |
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导语】⾮谓语动词,⼜叫⾮限定动词,⾮谓语动词是指在句⼦中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在 分词和过去分词),即动词的⾮谓语形式。⾮谓语动词除了不能独⽴作谓语外,可以承担句⼦的其他成分。⽆忧考整理了相关 内容,快来看看吧!希望能帮助到你 ~ 更多相关讯息请关注⽆忧考!
1. 动词不定式 例 1 : A lot of young people are learning to drive cars. (同时发⽣) 例 2 : All of us expected to discover a new oil field. (⾮谓语动词动作发⽣在后) 例 3 : He is said to have studied English for three years. (⾮谓语动词动作发⽣在前) 注:动词不定式的完成式有时⽤在 intended, expected, meant, were to, was to 等过去式的动词后⾯,表⽰未实现的⾏为。 例如:
1 ) I meant to have sent the book to you by mail. (我本想把这本书邮寄给你的。)
2 ) He was to have been the new ambassador, but he fell ill. (他原是要任新⼤使的,但是他病了。)
2. 动名词 例 1 : I am thinking of getting a new dictionary. (⾮谓语动词动作发⽣在后) 例 2 : We enjoy watching colour TV. (与谓语动词动作同时) 例 3 : He forgot having promised to write things for us. (⾮谓语动词动作发⽣在前。)
3. 分词 例 1 : Singing a song, he came into the room. (⾮谓语动词动作与谓语动词动作同时发⽣) 例 2 : Having written his composition, he went to have a heart to heart talk with Wang. (⾮谓语动词动作发⽣在前) ⾮谓语动词的⽐较
1. 动名词和动词不定式在⽤法上的⽐较 ( 1 )⼀般说来动名词所表⽰的动作在意义上是⽐较抽象的、⼀般的,时间概念不强,不是指某⼀次的动作;⽽动词不定 式所表⽰的 动作则往往是具体的⼀次⾏为。例如:
1 ) I like swimming, but I don't like to swim today.
2 ) They prefer staying indoors when the weather is cold.
3 ) Would you prefer to stay at home this evening? ( 2 )动词不定式的逻辑主语,常常是句⼦的主语或句中的某个词;⽽动名词的逻辑主语可能是句⼦主语或句中某个词, 也可能是泛 指⼀般⼈物,在句⼦⾥是找不着的。例如:
1 ) I hate to be sitting idle. (我不想闲坐着。)(指⾃⼰)
2 ) I hate saying nothing at a meeting but gossiping afterwards. (我不喜欢开会不说会后乱说。)(可能指⾃⼰,也可能 泛 指⼀般⼈) ( 3 )有些词后既可接动名词亦可接动词不定式,但意义不同,如 stop, remember, forget, neglect, omit, dislike, detests,
begin, continue, start, regret, intend, attempt, propose 等。例如:
When the teacher came in, the students stopped talking. ( talking 是宾语,指停⽌讲话这个动作)
When the teacher came in, the students stopped to talk. ( to talk 是⽬的状语,指停下前⼀动作来进⾏ talk ) |
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