学术Assignment写作中， 连贯(Coherence)和衔接(Cohesion)都很重要，因为这个因素会影响你整个文章的可读性（Readibility）。换句话说，如果你的连贯性和衔接性不够强，你的读者会很难把握你的观点，导致整个文章很难被理解，试问这样的文字怎么能拿到高分呢？

什么是Coherence and Cohesion？

图释Coherence and Cohesion

基本上，Coherence---连贯性是指你的写作的“修辞”方面，包括发展和支持你的论点(例如，论文陈述的发展)，综合和整合阅读，组织和澄清思想。Cohesion---写作的衔接集中在写作的“语法”方面。

衔接（Cohesion）也是学术写作的一个非常重要的方面，因为它会立即影响你写作的基调。在学术论文写作语法错误（grammatical error）虽然影响你的主要观点，但是会影响你的总体分数。但是,衔接的写作并不意味着仅仅是“语法正确”的句子;内聚性写作是指你的思想在句子层面和段落层面上的联系。

Coherence means the connection of ideas at the idea level,and cohesion means the connection of ideas at the sentence level.Basically,coherence refers to the“rhetorical”aspects of your writing,which include developing and supporting your argument(e.g.thesis statement development),synthesizing and integrating readings,organizing and clarifying ideas.The cohesion of writing focuses on the“grammatical”aspects of writing.

Cohesion is also a very important aspect of academic writing,because it immediately affects the tone of your writing.Although some instructors may say grammatical errors may not affect your main idea,you will lose mark due to many grammatical errors.However,cohesive writing does not mean just“grammatically correct”sentences;cohesive writing refers to the connection of your ideas both at the sentence level and at the paragraph level.

如何提高Coherence和Cohesion？

一个实用的工具可以帮助你提高写作的连贯性，那就是使用概念图（concept map）。概念图也被称为“反向提纲”reverse outline，当你完成论文的主要观点后，把每段的主要观点写下来——主题句（topic sentences）。检查主题句是否与论文的主题陈述相关联，或者是否偏离了主要论点。当你重复这个过程的时候，它会帮助你更清楚地知道如何连贯地发展你的论点，以及如何有效地组织你的想法。

如图：

概念图

One of the practical tools that can help improve the coherence of your writing is to use a concept map.The concept map is also known as“reverse outline”since you make an outline of your paper after you have finished the main ideas of your paper.

Write down the main idea of each paragraph—which is called a topic sentence—on a blank piece of paper.Check to see if the topic sentences are connected to the thesis statement of your paper or if you have strayed from your main argument.As you repeat this process,it will help you become more aware of how to develop your argument coherently and how to organize your ideas effectively.Here is a concept map template you can use.

最后的，最后,希望大家可以按照这个方法多做练习，Coherence and Cohesion提高不是一日之功，尤其英文论文作业写作的方式还有思考方式和中文的差别很大。只有不断思考，不断练习，才会有所改进。返回搜狐，查看更多

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