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Qemu-KVM基本用法Qemu命令基本格式Qemu标准选项qemu -name选项-设定客户机名称qemu -M选项-设定模拟的主机类型qemu -cpu model选项-设定CPU模型qemu -smp选项-模拟SMP多处理器架构的CPU数量四核8线程与八核的区别qemu -m选项-设置内存大小大页Hugepageqemu -numa选项-模拟多接点NUMA设备qemu -fd选项-软盘镜像qemu -hd选项-硬盘镜像qemu -cdrom选项-光盘镜像qemu -drive选项-定义一个硬盘设备qemu -boot选项-设置启动顺序qemu-imageQemu-网络配置网桥模式NAT模式Qemu-图形界面配置参考博客ENDQemu-KVM基本用法Qemu命令基本格式 Qemu基本格式 qemu-kvm [options] [disk_image]获取Qemu版本 root@android:~/qemu-kvm# qemu-system-x86_64 --versionQEMU emulator version 2.11.1(Debian 1:2.11+dfsg-1ubuntu7.4)Copyright (c) 2003-2017 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers选项众多 标准选项USB选项显示选项网络选项字符设备选项蓝牙选项Linux引导专用选项调试/砖家模式选项PowerPC专用选项Sparc32专用选项i386平台专用选项 Qemu标准选项qemu -name选项-设定客户机名称-name:执行虚拟机名字，可重复，不一定唯一，仅为人标记 qemu -M选项-设定模拟的主机类型 -M machine:指定要模拟的主机类型 root@android:~/qemu-kvm# qemu-system-x86_64 -M ? Supported machines are:pc-i440fx-zesty Ubuntu 17.04 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)pc-i440fx-yakkety Ubuntu 16.10 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)pc-i440fx-xenial Ubuntu 16.04 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)pc-i440fx-wily Ubuntu 15.04 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)pc-i440fx-trusty Ubuntu 14.04 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)ubuntu Ubuntu 18.04 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996) (alias of pc-i440fx-bionic)pc-i440fx-bionic Ubuntu 18.04 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996) (default)pc-i440fx-bionic-hpb Ubuntu 18.04 PC (i440FX + PIIX, +host-phys-bits=true, 1996)pc-i440fx-artful Ubuntu 17.10 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)pc-i440fx-2.9 Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)pc-i440fx-2.8 Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)pc-i440fx-2.7 Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)pc-i440fx-2.6 Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)pc-i440fx-2.5 Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)pc-i440fx-2.4 Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)pc-i440fx-2.3 Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)pc-i440fx-2.2 Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)pc Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996) (alias of pc-i440fx-2.11)pc-i440fx-2.11 Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)pc-i440fx-2.10 Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)pc-i440fx-2.1 Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)pc-i440fx-2.0 Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)pc-i440fx-1.7 Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)pc-i440fx-1.6 Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)pc-i440fx-1.5 Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)pc-i440fx-1.4 Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)pc-1.3 Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)pc-1.2 Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)pc-1.1 Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)pc-1.0 Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)pc-0.15 Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)pc-0.14 Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)pc-0.13 Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)pc-0.12 Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)pc-0.11 Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)pc-0.10 Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)pc-q35-zesty Ubuntu 17.04 PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009)pc-q35-yakkety Ubuntu 16.10 PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009)pc-q35-xenial Ubuntu 16.04 PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009)pc-q35-bionic Ubuntu 18.04 PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009)pc-q35-bionic-hpb Ubuntu 18.04 PC (Q35 + ICH9, +host-phys-bits=true, 2009)pc-q35-artful Ubuntu 17.10 PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009)pc-q35-2.9 Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009)pc-q35-2.8 Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009)pc-q35-2.7 Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009)pc-q35-2.6 Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009)pc-q35-2.5 Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009)pc-q35-2.4 Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009)q35 Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009) (alias of pc-q35-2.11)pc-q35-2.11 Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009)pc-q35-2.10 Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009)isapc ISA-only PCnone empty machinexenfv Xen Fully-virtualized PCxenpv Xen Para-virtualized PCqemu -cpu model选项-设定CPU模型 指定CPU模型而不是CPU数量，这点要明确可以不加该选项，有个默认值 root@android:~/qemu-kvm# qemu-system-x86_64 -cpu ?Available CPUs:x86 486 x86 Broadwell-IBRS Intel Core Processor (Broadwell, IBRS) x86 Broadwell-noTSX-IBRS Intel Core Processor (Broadwell, no TSX, IBRS) x86 Broadwell-noTSX Intel Core Processor (Broadwell, no TSX) x86 Broadwell Intel Core Processor (Broadwell) x86 Conroe Intel Celeron_4x0 (Conroe/Merom Class Core 2) x86 EPYC-IBPB AMD EPYC Processor (with IBPB) x86 EPYC AMD EPYC Processor x86 Haswell-IBRS Intel Core Processor (Haswell, IBRS) x86 Haswell-noTSX-IBRS Intel Core Processor (Haswell, no TSX, IBRS) x86 Haswell-noTSX Intel Core Processor (Haswell, no TSX) x86 Haswell Intel Core Processor (Haswell) x86 IvyBridge-IBRS Intel Xeon E3-12xx v2 (Ivy Bridge, IBRS) x86 IvyBridge Intel Xeon E3-12xx v2 (Ivy Bridge) x86 Nehalem-IBRS Intel Core i7 9xx (Nehalem Core i7, IBRS update)x86 Nehalem Intel Core i7 9xx (Nehalem Class Core i7) x86 Opteron_G1 AMD Opteron 240 (Gen 1 Class Opteron) x86 Opteron_G2 AMD Opteron 22xx (Gen 2 Class Opteron) x86 Opteron_G3 AMD Opteron 23xx (Gen 3 Class Opteron) x86 Opteron_G4 AMD Opteron 62xx class CPU x86 Opteron_G5 AMD Opteron 63xx class CPU x86 Penryn Intel Core 2 Duo P9xxx (Penryn Class Core 2) x86 SandyBridge-IBRS Intel Xeon E312xx (Sandy Bridge, IBRS update) x86 SandyBridge Intel Xeon E312xx (Sandy Bridge) x86 Skylake-Client-IBRS Intel Core Processor (Skylake, IBRS) x86 Skylake-Client Intel Core Processor (Skylake) x86 Skylake-Server-IBRS Intel Xeon Processor (Skylake, IBRS) x86 Skylake-Server Intel Xeon Processor (Skylake) x86 Westmere-IBRS Westmere E56xx/L56xx/X56xx (IBRS update) x86 Westmere Westmere E56xx/L56xx/X56xx (Nehalem-C) x86 athlon QEMU Virtual CPU version 2.5+ x86 core2duo Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T7700 @ 2.40GHzx86 coreduo Genuine Intel(R) CPU T2600 @ 2.16GHzx86 kvm32 Common 32-bit KVM processor x86 kvm64 Common KVM processor x86 n270 Intel(R) Atom(TM) CPU N270 @ 1.60GHz x86 pentium x86 pentium2 x86 pentium3 x86 phenom AMD Phenom(tm) 9550 Quad-Core Processor x86 qemu32 QEMU Virtual CPU version 2.5+ x86 qemu64 QEMU Virtual CPU version 2.5+ x86 base base CPU model type with no features enabled x86 host KVM processor with all supported host features (only available in KVM mode)x86 max Enables all features supported by the accelerator in the current hostRecognized CPUID flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 pn clflush ds acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm ia64 pbe pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds-cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 cid fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid dca sse4.1 sse4.2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc-deadline aes xsave osxsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor fsgsbase tsc-adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap avx512ifma pcommit clflushopt clwb avx512pf avx512er avx512cd sha-ni avx512bw avx512vl avx512vbmi umip pku ospke avx512vbmi2 gfni vaes vpclmulqdq avx512vnni avx512bitalg avx512-vpopcntdq la57 rdpid avx512-4vnniw avx512-4fmaps spec-ctrl ssbd syscall nx mmxext fxsr-opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm 3dnowext 3dnow lahf-lm cmp-legacy svm extapic cr8legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw ibs xop skinit wdt lwp fma4 tce nodeid-msr tbm topoext perfctr-core perfctr-nb invtsc ibpb virt-ssbd xstore xstore-en xcrypt xcrypt-en ace2 ace2-en phe phe-en pmm pmm-en kvmclock kvm-nopiodelay kvm-mmu kvmclock kvm-asyncpf kvm-steal-time kvm-pv-eoi kvm-pv-unhalt kvm-pv-tlb-flush kvmclock-stable-bit npt lbrv svm-lock nrip-save tsc-scale vmcb-clean flushbyasid decodeassists pause-filter pfthreshold xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves aratqemu -smp选项-模拟SMP多处理器架构的CPU数量 SMP的全称是”对称多处理”（Symmetrical Multi-Processing）技术，是指在一个计算机上汇集了一组处理器(多CPU),各CPU之间共享内存子系统以及总线结构。不指定SMP则默认使用一个逻辑CPU -smp [cpus=]n[,cores=cores][,threads=threads][,sockets=sockets][,maxcpus=maxcpus] PC机上最多模拟255个CPUmaxcpus用于指定热插入CPU个数cpu指定模拟CPU数量cores指定一个socket上CPU core数量threads指定一个CPU core上线程数量sockets指定模拟多少个CPU插槽分析一波 qemu-system-x86_64 -kernel ./arch/x86_64/boot/bzImage -k en-us -smp 16,maxcpus=128,cores=4,threads=2,sockets=1616个逻辑CPU 具有相同core id的cpu是同一个core的超线程。具有相同physical id的cpu是同一颗cpu封装的线程或者cores。16个CPU，每个CPU四个核心，每个核心跑2个线程=每个CPU跑八个线程，16*8=108个线程 #逻辑CPU个数cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "processor" | wc -l #物理CPU个数：cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "physical id" | sort | uniq | wc -l #每个物理CPU中Core的个数：cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "cpu cores" | uniq | awk -F: '{print $2}' #查看每个physical cpu上core id的数量,即为每个物理CPU上的core的个数cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "core id" #是否为超线程？ #如果有两个逻辑CPU具有相同的”core id”，那么超线程是打开的。 #每个物理CPU中逻辑CPU(可能是core, threads或both)的个数：cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "siblings" 拥有相同 physical id 的所有逻辑处理器共享同一个物理插座。每个 physical id 代表一个唯一的物理封装。Siblings 表示位于这一物理封装上的逻辑处理器的数量。每个 core id 均代表一个唯一的处理器内核。如果有一个以上逻辑处理器拥有相同的 core id 和 physical id，证明一个core上有多个线程，则说明系统支持超线程（HT）技术。core id不同的逻辑处理器physical id相同，则说明这是一个多内核处理器。cpu cores 条目也可以表示是否支持多内核。 qemu-system-x86_64: cpu topology: sockets (32) * cores (4) * threads (2) > maxcpus (128)sockets指定模拟多少个CPU插槽cores CPU个数threads 单个CPU线程数。超线程技术CPU插槽 * CPU个数 * 单个CPU可以跑线程数 |
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