2010年考研英语(一)阅读 Text 1 精读精讲

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2010年考研英语(一)阅读 Text 1 精读精讲

2023-04-10 21:08| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

2010 Text 1

第一段

Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. 过去25年间,英文报纸发生的所有改变(变化)中,或许,影响最深远的是,这些报纸中,艺术评论的范围和严肃性不可阻挡的衰落/下降了。

这个句子的本质是这样一个句子:

she is the most beatiful girl of all girls.

这里的of表示:“范围”,做状语,完全可以用among,只是,语气没有of all这么强。

把of all girls是拿到句首:of all girls, she is the most beatiful (girl).

当然,如果把she换成Lily。

还可以写成:of all girls, the most beautiful is Lily.

most beatiful 后面就可以省略girl,完整版是:of all girls, the most beautiful (girl) is Lily.

这样就和这里的这个句子一样了!

现在看这个句子:

Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.

句子主干:Of all the changes, the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage

change n. 改变

这里的far-reaching后面就省略了change(地球上除了这里,应该不会有人告诉你还出现了省略,因为,别人也不会啊),完整版是:

Of all the changes, the most far-reaching (change) has been the inexorable decline...

far-reaching adj. 影响深远的

inexorable adj. 不可阻挡的;无法改变的。

decline n. 减少;下降;衰落;衰退;vt. 拒绝;婉拒;vi. 衰退;衰落(这些意思都会考)

in部分是状语,说明是哪方面的衰落,也可以理解为介词短语后置定语,修饰decline:

in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage

scope n. ①范围(of);②机会(for)

serious adj. 严肃的;认真的;真心的;严重的。—— seriousness n. 严肃;认真。

art n. 艺术;美术;艺术作品。(the arts:艺术)

cover n. 覆盖物;覆盖的东西;封面;避难所;掩盖;防护;床单;vt. 包括;掩盖;报道;新闻报道;走过;评论。—— coverage n. 新闻报道;评论。

art coverage:艺术评论

所以,主句的意思就是:在所有改变中,影响最深远的改变是,它们艺术评论的严肃性和范围不可阻挡的衰落了。

Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.

that部分是定语从句,修饰changes:that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century,

take place:发生(初中词汇)

newspaper n. 报纸

during部分是时间状语

quarter n. 四分之一;adj. 四分之一的

总结:第一段是说,过去25年间,英文报纸中,艺术评论的范围和严肃性下滑/衰落了。

下面是2005 Text 3第一段、第一句,和这个句子的结构 ,而且也是第一段、第一句,历史就是这样,这样的事情在考研英语中非常多:

Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. 在所有构成良好睡眠的因素中,梦似乎是最不受我们控制的。

这里的of all,表示 “在所有...中” ,其后通常接最高级,它的本质就是这样一个句子:cow is the most useful animal of all (animals).——> Of all animals, the cow is most useful. 就是把一个最高级的句子,写成了你看不懂的样子,而且,还可以少写一个词“animal”

这个句子也可以写成:dreams seem to be least component within our control of all the components of a good night’s sleep

那么,究竟是不是作者就是为了为难你要这么写,还是纯粹为了炫耀,又或者是为了别的,当然不是,用林语堂在《开明英语语法》说的话 “一切文法的形式和结构(constructions),都不过是表达意念(notion)的工具而已。” 这里的文法就是语法的意思,2018年翻译就考了这词,grammar应该翻译成 “文法” ,那语法不对嘛,不是,翻译成文法,代表你是一个有修养、有文化的人,不是乡巴佬。这个词在台湾就翻译成文法。

那问题来了,为什么要这么写——就是为了满足人的需求

cow is the most useful animal of all(animals).这样句子还会显得杂糅,而且 “句子结构不平衡(头轻脚重)”,而且只适用于这样简短的句子,比如,英语(一)2010 Text 1的第一句话:

Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. 这两个句子的结构是一模一样的,这样复杂结构的句子,就不适合那种简单句子的表达方式了,所以,这么写。

这个句子写成这样,会很难让人看得懂,dreams seem to be (the) least component within our control of all the components of a good night’s sleep

within部分的加入会分割句子。

Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least (component) within our control. 在构成一夜好觉的所有因素中,梦似乎是最不受我们控制的(因素)。

component n. 组成;成分

如果你的语法够好的话,你应该觉得least前应该加the,但是,这里它省略了名词component,所以,可以不加the,这里是least单独做表语。

within部分是介词短语做状语。

Motivation is the hardest of all managerial tasks, and it is fanciful to expect a single memo, no matterhow well crafted, to have much effect on the staff’s attitude. (这个是个GRE真题里面的句子,这里放在了句中,本来应该放在句首的,这样放,of前面应该有task这个词: ...hardest task of...,所以,英文的句子千变万化,但是,也万变不离其宗。)

第二段

It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies. 对那些年龄在四十岁以下的普通读者来说,要去想象一个可以在大多数城市的报纸中发现高质量艺术评论的时代是非常困难的/不可能的。但是,大量出版在20世纪最重要的评论作品集包含了报纸中,大部分的艺术评论。今天,人们去阅读这些作品集(书籍)的时候,会惊讶于这样一个事实:这些书籍里高质量的艺术评论,曾经被认为是,适合于出版在普通(大众)日报中的。

It is difficult ①to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty ②to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. 对那些年龄在四十岁以下的普通读者来说,要去想象一个可以在大多数城市的报纸中发现高质量艺术评论的时代是非常困难的/不可能的。

句子主干:it is difficult...to imagine...。

it是形式主语,to imagine部分是才是真正的主语

这句话有两个to,两个to不一样:

to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty

这里是介词短语:difficult to the point of impossibility: 困难到不可能的程度,即非常困难。

to the point of (doing) sth:近乎;几乎;达到某种程度。

例如:he was rude to the point of being aggressive. 他粗鲁到了几乎完全不讲道理的地步!

impossible adj. 不可能的。—— impossibility n. 不可能。

average adj. 平均的;普通的;一般的。

reader n. 读者。

under部分是介词短语后置定语,修饰reader

to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.

这里的不定式做主语

imagine vt. 想象。

when部分是定语从句,修饰time:when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.

high-quality adj. 高质量的

critic n. 评论家。—— criticize vt. 评论;批评。—— criticism n. 批评;评论;评论文章。—— critical adj. 关键的;危机的;批判性的。

这里的arts criticism就是第一段的:“arts coverage”

big-city n. 大城市。

句子主干:It is difficult to imagine a time. 句子主干就这么点,还可以写成:to imagine a time is difficult,多省个it。

【逻辑梳理】这里承接上文,上文说,英语报纸中的艺术评论,在范围或严肃性方面都衰退了。这里就说,过去报纸中有很多的艺术评论。因为,现在,对那些年纪在四十岁以下的人来说,要想象一个可以在大多说城市的报纸上看到艺术评论的时代,是不可能的。言外之意就是,过去,大多数城市的报纸上都有艺术评论,而现在,则没有那么多了。

Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. 但是,大量出版在20世纪最重要的评论作品集包含了报纸中,大部分的艺术评论。

yet conj. 但是

a considerable number of :大量的

considerable adj. 相当多的;大量的

significant adj. 主要的

collection n. 收藏品;作品(集);时装系列;收藏;收集。

主语:a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism,大量最重要的评论集。

published部分是分词后置定语,修饰collections:published in the 20th century

publish vt. 出版;发表。

所以,整个主语就是:a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century,大量出版于20世纪最重要的评论集。

【逻辑梳理】这里的collection指的是,过去那些英语报纸中高质量的艺术评论,收集整理以后,出版的艺术评论合集。就是,报纸上的散的,全部收集了,来出版,就是合集。比如:某个作家的散文集,并不是这个作家,一天全部写完,而是,慢慢写,等到这个作家不再写了,然后,才把以前写的内容,全部收集起来。出版成这个作家的散文集。(算是背景知识)

句子主干:collections consisted in large part of newspaper reviews.

这里的collections of criticism,of criticism的本质是介词短语修饰前面的名词,不是,那些半路出家的人说的,A of B叫做:“B的A”。

in part:部分地;在某种程度上,中间加个large。—— in large part:在很大程度上。(这里是介词短语做状语,表示:“程度”)

consist of sth:由...组成(构成)

view n. 看法;观点;态度;见解;视野;风景;vt. 看;认为。—— review n. 检查;评论;评价;复习;回顾.

这里的newspaper reviews = arts criticism = arts coverage。看到 “s” 是怎么转换的了吗!

所以,核心主干就是:collections consisted of newspaper reviews.(这么长的句子核心就5个单词,刚好主谓宾)

To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies. 今天,人们去阅读这些作品集(书籍)的时候,会惊讶于这样一个事实:这些书籍里高质量的艺术评论,曾经被认为是,适合于出版在普通(大众)日报中的。

句子主干:To read such books today is to marvel at the fact

主语和表语都是不定式

such books指上一句说的,20世纪出版的评论集,就是包含了大部分艺术评论的那些合集书籍。

marvel vi. 大为赞叹;感到惊奇(at sth); n. 奇迹。

that部分是fact的同位语从句:that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.

their指books

learned adj. 博学的;知识渊博的

这里的learned content = high-quality

content n. 内容;目录;adj. 满足的;满意的(with sth)

deem vt. 认为,视作。

publication n. 出版物;出版;发布。

General circulation:一般流通的,就是普通的意思,就是每天都在发的报纸。

daily n. 日报。

总结:第二段是说,过去,报纸中的艺术评论是很多,而且,是高质量的。这些高质量的艺术评论被收集出版成合集。今天的人去读这些合集,会非常的惊讶,因为,里面的艺术评论质量十分高,但是,这样高质量的艺术评论,过去就是被出版在普通报纸中。(这里的高质量,指的是专业的艺术评论,就是,太专业了,不适合出版在普通报纸中(从现在的角度看),但是,那个时代就是这么干的,所以,今天的人们会惊讶。)

第三段

We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’.” 我们已经离那些在英格兰出版的,20纪初期到二战前的主题自由的报纸评论很远了,那时候,新闻用纸非常便宜,而且,时髦的文艺评论(艺术评论)被认为是这些出版物的一种装饰。在那个遥远的年代,主流报纸的评论家们会把报道的事件详细、充分地记录下来,这被认为是理所当然。这些评论家们所从事的是严肃的事业,而且,甚至是那些喜欢卖弄学问的评论家们(如:乔治·伯纳德·肖和欧内斯特·纽曼,GBS和EN),人们也相信他们知道自己在做什么。这些评论家把新闻行业看作是一个职业(使命),并且为他们的评论文章能够在日报中刊登出版而自豪。纽曼写到,很少有评论家,能拥有足够的脑力或足够的文学天赋,去终生从事新闻业,以致于,纽曼禁不住把 “新闻业” 定义成,被某些无知作家用来形容渊博作家的侮辱性术语。

We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. 我们已经离那些在英格兰出版的,20纪初期到二战前的主题自由的报纸评论很远了,那时候,新闻用纸非常便宜,而且,时髦的文艺评论(艺术评论)被认为是这些出版物的一种装饰。

even adv. 甚至

farther adv. 更远

句子主干:we are removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews...(我们离那些主题自由的报纸评论(艺术评论)已经很远了)

remove sb from sth:移开;拿掉;去掉;从...机构中开除。

focused adj. 集中的;专注的;有目标的。—— unfocused adj. 茫然的;无目标的;松散的

newspaper review指arts criticism

published部分是分词后置定语,修饰reviews:published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II,

England:英格兰(英国的一部分)

turn n. 转变,这里指20世纪之交,就是1900左右。

eve n. 前夜;前夕

world war II:二战(1939——1945),所以,这里说的时间就是:ca.1900——1939

circa prep. 大约(缩写为:ca.)

at部分是时间状语:at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared.

when部分是定语从句,修饰time:

when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. (这部分是两个句子,and连接的)

newsprint was dirt-cheap

newsprint n. 新闻用纸;白报纸(还没印刷东西在上面的,就是白纸的意思)

dirt-cheap adj. 非常便宜的

stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared

style n. 类型;风格;时髦;时尚。—— stylish adj. 时髦的;流行的

ornate v. 装饰。—— ornament:n. 装饰物

in which部分是定语从句

appear vi. 出现。

In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. 在那个遥远的年代,主流报纸的评论家们会把报道的事件详细、充分地记录下来,这被认为是理所当然。

far-off adj. 遥远的(就是further的意思)

those day指上一句的:“1900左右——1939”

take sth for granted:认为...是理所当然的

it是形式主语,真正的主语是that部分:that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered.

critic n. 评论家

major adj. 主要的;主修的(in);n. 专业课。

in detail:详细地

at lengthe / at...length:详细地。

这里的:write in detail and at length about其实就是learned content = high-quality的意思。

they部分是省略that的定语从句

【逻辑梳理】 到这里,可以看到第二段中说的高质量的艺术评论的具体内容之一是:unfocused newspaper reviews. 呼应第一段说的范围(scope)的内容。

Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. 这些评论家们所从事的是严肃的事业,而且,甚至是那些喜欢卖弄学问的评论家们(如:乔治·伯纳德·肖和欧内斯特·纽曼,GBS和EN),人们也相信他们知道自己在做什么。

这是两个句子,and连接的:

Theirs was a serious business

theirs pron. 他们的,是代词,看清楚,是加s的!这是名词性物主代词,指代的是那些评论家的事业。

可以写成:Their business was a serious business

business指的是评论家的评论事业。

even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about.

reviewer n. 评论家;评论员 = critic

who部分是定语从句,修饰reviwers:who wore their learning lightly,

wear v. 呈现;流露。

learning n. 学问;学识;知识

lightly adv. 轻微地。(这里是说,那些稍微有点卖弄自己学问的评论家,就是看起来有点 “不正经” 的那种评论家)。

like部分是对 “不正经” 的评论家的具体举例,即:这两个人就是那种看起来 “不正经” 的

主干:those reviewers could be trusted to know what they were about.

trust to:相信

what部分是know的宾语从句,出现了省略,应该是:what they were wrote about。

【逻辑梳理】这里是说,报纸评论的严肃性问题,首先,这些评论家做的事情(写艺术评论)是严肃的。对应第一段说的严肃性,而且,就算是那种看起来有点炫耀自己才华的评论家,都是知道自己在做什么的人,都是心里有数的,人们也相信他们。就是这些人虽然有的看起来可能不那么正经,但是,人家是真的大师。(比如:黄霑这些,不了解的人就算了。古龙这些。)

These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. 这些评论家把新闻行业看作是一个职业(使命),并且为他们的评论文章能够在日报中刊登出版而自豪。

这里是两句话,用and连接的:

These men believed in journalism as a calling

These men指上一句的评论家

believe in 相信。

journal n. 期刊;日报。—— journalism n. 新闻业;新闻工作。

calling n. 事业;职业;使命感。

and were proud to be published in the daily press

主语一样

daily press:日报

“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’.” 纽曼写到,很少有评论家,能拥有足够的脑力或足够的文学天赋,去终生从事新闻业,以致于,纽曼禁不住把 “新闻业” 定义成,被某些无知作家用来形容渊博作家的侮辱性术语。

这里是由so.....that.....来引导的结果状语从句,这里是直接引语,主谓被放在了句子中间,可以改写一下:

Newman wrote, “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’.”

主句部分:So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism

author n. 作家(= reviewer)

brain n. 脑子;智力;脑力

literary adj. 文学的;书面的

gift n. 天赋

keep sb do sth:保持做某事.

end up in journalism 直译:结束在新闻业里面,也就是,一生都投入进去了的意思。

从句部分:that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’.”

I指纽曼

tempt 引诱;吸引;诱惑。

be tempted to do sth:被引诱而想做某事

define A as B:认为A是B;把A定义为B

B= a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are

term n. 术语;词语;措辞;学期;期限;任期

contempt n. 鄙视;蔑视,这里出题人蛮狠,将tempt和contempt混用在一起,两个词的意思完全不一样,干扰极强。还有个形近词:contemplate vt. 思考;考虑

当然这句话最难的不是主句,而是term这个词的分词后置定语:

applied by writers ①who are not read to ②writers who are

这里简化一下是这样的:applied by writers to writers

两个who都是定语从句,修饰两个writers,但是,两个writers不一样

read adj. 博学的;熟知的;精通的(这是形容词意思,你没有见过)

apply sth to sth:应用;使用。

writers who are,这里省略了read

所以,这里的完整版是:a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are read.

总结:第三段是说,有三件事情,其一、过去报纸的艺术评论主题自由,即:范围广,而且,评论家写得非常的详细,只是,现在,我们离那个时代很远了。其二、写作评论是一件严肃的事情,即使那些有点 “不正经” 的评论家,都心里有数。其三、艺术评论(报纸评论)的工作需要大量的脑力和才能,很少有评论家能在新闻业里呆一辈子,因为很少有人有足够的脑力和文学(文字)天赋去完成评论(艺术评论)的工作。甚至,这项工作都遭到了那些无知作家的嫉妒。

第四段

Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists. 不幸的是,这些评论家几乎被遗忘了。现在,内维尔·卡达斯仅仅是以一个板球比赛文章的作者而为人所知,而他曾经为《曼彻斯特卫报》写文章,从1917年开始,直到 1975 年他死前不久。然而,在卡达斯的一生中,他也是英国(英格兰)最重要的古典音乐评论家之一,同时,他也是一位被广为推崇的文体学家,以至于,他1947年的《自传》变成一本畅销书。卡达斯在1967年被授予爵士称号,也是第一位被授予该头衔的音乐评论家。但是,卡达斯的书,如今只有一本还在出版;并且,他音乐方面的大量作品都不为人知,除了专业人士之外。

Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. 不幸的是,这些评论家几乎被遗忘了。

unfortunately adv. 不幸的是,这个词一般代表 “转折,或者表明作者的态度”

these critics指艺术评论家

virtual adj. ①事实上的;实际上的;②虚拟的(计算机)。—— virtually adv. 事实上;实际上;差不多;几乎

forget vt. 忘记

Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket.现在,内维尔·卡达斯仅仅是以一个板球比赛文章的作者而为人所知,而他曾经为《曼彻斯特卫报》写文章,从1917年开始,直到 1975 年他死前不久。

Neville Cardus:内维尔·卡达斯

who部分是非限定性定语从句,修饰NC:who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975,

the Manchester Guardian:曼彻斯特卫报,就是今天的《卫报》,创办于1821.05.05,名叫:《曼彻斯特卫报》,在1959.08.24正式改名为:The Guardian(《卫报》)

death n. 死亡

句子主干:NC is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket

solely adj. 唯一地

essay n. 文章;散文;短文

cricket n. 板球;蟋蟀

During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. 然而,在卡达斯的一生中,他也是英国(英格兰)最重要的古典音乐评论家之一,同时,他也是一位被广为推崇的文体学家,以至于,他1947年的《自传》变成一本畅销书。

这里的though可以放到句首,表示:“不过、然而”

lifetime n. 一生

主句是两个句子:

he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics,

foremost adj. 最著名的;最重要的;最好的

classical adj. 古典的

he was a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller.

stylist n. 文体学家;设计师。

wide adj. 宽的;广泛的。—— widely adv. 广泛地

admire vt. 钦佩;仰慕;赞赏。

so...that引导的是结果状语从句:that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller.

autobiography n. 自传

best seller n. 畅销书。

He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. 卡达斯在1967年被授予爵士称号,也是第一位被授予该头衔的音乐评论家。

knight n. 骑士;vt. 授以爵位。

the部分是插入语,对NC做进一步的说明

to部分是不定式后置定语

honor vt. 给...荣誉

Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists. 但是,卡达斯的书,如今只有一本还在出版;并且,他音乐方面的大量作品都不为人知,除了专业人士之外。

这是两句话:

only one of his books is now in print

in print:继续印行;继续印刷出版;在版

his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.

vast adj. 巨大的;大量的

writing n. 作品

save prep. 除了...。这个用法很少见了,在古英语中才有

specialist n. 专家

总结:第四段是说,那些从事严肃事业(艺术评论)的评论家被人们遗忘了(对应第一段说的decline)。具体举了一个NC(卡达斯)为例子,他曾是一个古典音乐的评论家,但是,现在却为板球比赛写文章,而且,他的书,现在也只有一本在出版。其他关于音乐的大量作品都不为人所知,除了专家以外,这里是以评论家被人遗忘来说明艺术评论的衰落。

第五段

Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat. 卡达斯的评论是否还会迎来复兴呢?前景似乎渺茫。早在卡达斯去世之前,新闻业的品味就已经改变了;并且,后现代的读者,对卡达斯所擅长的那种经过华丽修饰的文章(维多利亚-爱德华七世时期的散文风格)失去了兴趣。音乐评论中的业余传统已经迅猛地衰落。

Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival? 卡达斯的评论是否还会迎来复兴呢?

这叫做:“一般疑问句”

that部分是chance的同位语从句:that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival

enjoy vt. 享受;享有

revive v. 恢复;复兴。—— revival n. 复苏;复兴

The prospect seems remote. 前景似乎渺茫。

prosper vi. 繁荣;兴旺;发达。—— prospect n. 前途;前景;希望。

remote adj. 偏远的;遥远的。这里是说不可能复兴了。

③Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. 早在卡达斯去世之前,新闻业的品味就已经改变了;并且,后现代的读者,对卡达斯所擅长的那种经过华丽修饰的文章(维多利亚-爱德华七世时期的散文风格)失去了兴趣。

这是and 连接的两个句子:

Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death,

journalistic adj. 新闻业的

taste n. 味觉;味道;喜好;品味

postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized.

postmodern adj. 后现代主义的(postmodernism n. 后现代主义,指20世纪后期,在文学、艺术等领域出现的思潮)

use n. 兴趣;喜好(语境意思)

for部分是说对什么有兴趣:for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized.

rich adj. 富裕的;丰富多彩的。—— richly adv. 华丽地;富丽堂皇地(就是上文说的,high-quality = learned content = write in detail and in length,这是内在逻辑,上文说的,这种内容,从现在的角度来看,不适合出版在普通日报里,所以,今天的读者去读,会感到惊讶,说白了就是,太专业,内容太丰富,出版在普通报纸中,那些几十年不读一本书的人(postmodern reader),怎么可能看得懂,就是这个意思。过去,可能还有人看得懂,现在,很少了,postmodern reader,不感兴趣了。)

upholstered adj. 经过布置的,这里引申成为经过修饰;装饰的。

prose n. 散文。

Vicwardian,是Victorian & Edwardian的缩写,意为:维多利亚-爱德华七世时期的,这个时期散文的特点——就是精心装饰过的,修饰过的,Cardus(卡达斯)本人就是这个时代的,也是他擅长写的。

In which部分是定语从句,修饰prose:in which he specialized

specialize in:专长;专攻,in被提到了which前

【逻辑梳理】这里的本质是说,后现代的读者对卡达斯那种风格的评论不感兴趣了,读者没有了。

Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat. 音乐评论中的业余传统已经迅猛地衰落。

amateur n. 业余的

headlong adv. 迅猛地。

retreat n. 撤退;退缩

【逻辑梳理】这里属于背景知识,卡达斯是一个妓女的儿子,不知道他爹是谁,没有受过任何专业教育和训练。这里的言外之意就是,以前,外行人也可以进入艺术评论,新闻业这些行业,现在不行了,现在只要专业的。

总结:第五段是说,Cardus(卡达斯)的那些评论不可能复兴,因为,新闻行业的品味已经变了,而且后现代的读者也不去读他们的评论了(不感兴趣了)。这段是说Cardus(卡达斯)他们那些评论是不可能复兴了。

【题目精讲】

21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that ______.

21. 文章第一、二段表明 ______。

解释:

A答案:无中生有,文章没有说已经消失了。It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. 与这里相反,这里说,大多数报纸上都可以找到,也就是说,现在大多数报纸上都找不到了,不是消失,只是没有那么多了。

B答案:It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. 也就是,以前,大多数报纸上都有艺术评论。所以,B正确。

C答案:无中生有。文章没有说高质量的报纸,文章说的是高质量的评论。偷梁换柱。

D答案:文章说的是他们会marvel at,是会惊讶于那些高质量的评论,而且那些是适合出版的,与文章内容相反。

A. arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers艺术评论已经从大城市的报纸中消失了

B. English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews英文报纸过去有更多的艺术评论

C. high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers高质量的报纸保有大量的读者

D. young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies年轻读者会质疑报纸中评论的适合性

22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by ______.

22. 第二次世界大战之前,英国(英格兰)报纸评论的特征是 ______。

解释:

A答案:We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II. unfocused adj. 没有目的的,没有聚焦的。所以,A正确。

B答案:这是最强干扰项,很多人只看到casual 这个词,没有看到style 这个词,但是,这个答案的核心是style n. 风格;类型。文章完全没有说什么风格,什么类型。这个答案在说形式,而文章说的是内容,C答案也是一样的,原文没有说什么风格。

C答案:无中生有,没有说什么排版的问题。layout n. 布局;排列。

D答案:无中生有。

A. free themes自由的主题

B. casual style随意的风格

C. elaborate layout精致的排版

D. radical viewpoints激进的观点

23. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?

23. 肖和纽曼最有可能同意下面哪个观点?

解释:

A答案:无中生有。

B答案:无中生有,I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’.”利用这里设置的干扰,但是,文章说的不是记者。而且,表达的意思不是鄙视,而自傲。

C答案:无中生有。I am tempted to define文章的主语是纽曼。不是writer,而且,是断章取义。

D答案:So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism, 即:需要脑力和才能,然而,有足够才能和脑力的人很少。所以,D正确。

A. It is writers’ duty to fulfill journalistic goals实现新闻业的目标是作家的职责

B. It is contemptible for writers to be journalists作家成为记者是值得鄙视的

C. Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism作家容易被新闻业吸引

D. Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing并不是所有的作家都能承担新闻写作

24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?

24. 从最后的两段中,可以了解到卡达斯的哪些情况?

解释:

A答案:这是考最后一段的内容,昔日的辉煌不可在复兴。读者不感兴趣。所以,A正确。

B答案:无中生有。

C答案:无中生有。文章说的是只有专家知道他的其他作品。不是说,他的风格就是为了迎合现代专家。

D答案:完全是瞎扯。利用最后一句话设置的干扰,但是,与文章意思想去甚远。而且,他就是业余的评论家。

A. His music criticism may not appeal to readers today他的音乐评论也许不能吸引当今的读者

B. His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute作为一位音乐评论家,他的名誉一直有争议

C. His style caters largely to modern specialists他的风格意在迎合现在的专家

D. His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition他的作品已经跟不上业余乐评人传统

25. What would be the best title for the text?

25. 本文最佳标题可能是?

解释:

A答案:文章说的不是报纸,是报纸中的艺术评论。

B答案:这篇文章的主旨是文章的第一句话:即:报纸中的艺术评论、艺术评论、艺术评论的范围和严肃性的衰落。表现为:①报纸中的艺术评论减少了。②评论家被遗忘了。③后现代的读者对以前那种评论不感兴趣,复兴无望。所以,B正确。这里的lost horizon指的就是艺术评论的衰落。直译叫做:消失的地平线。科普时间:The Lost Horizon(《失去的地平线》)是英国作家詹姆斯·希尔顿(James Hilton)的一本小说,在这本小说中,作家描述了一个叫做香格里拉的地方。Shangri-La(香格里拉):a place that is extremely beautiful and where everything seems perfect, especially a place far away from modern life. 即:一个远离城市的世外桃源,美好天堂的意思。这里用了Lost Horizon既有表层意思,也有象征意思,即:昔日的美好不再。这也是整个考研英语史上出得最好的题了,代表了至今为止,考研英语出题的最高水准。

C答案:文章说的不是新闻业,说的是艺术评论。

D答案:文章说的不是评论家,说的是艺术评论。Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. 看见和正确答案的关系了吗?ACD说的对象是错的,ACD只是文章提及的部分信息,不是文章谈论的对象、对象、对象。文章不是在说报纸、新闻业、评论家怎么样,文章说的是:报纸中艺术评论的衰落,表现为评论家被遗忘,而这些评论家是来自新闻业的,因为,他们就是在报纸上写评论。

A. Newspapers of the Good Old Days报纸昔日的黄金岁月

B. The Lost Horizon in Newspapers报纸中消失的地平线

C. Mournful Decline of Journalism新闻业可悲的衰落

D. Prominent Critics in Memory过去杰出的评论家们

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