代谢工程领域主要涉及通过代谢途径的设计、构建和优化、细胞内流量的重定向以及与工业生物过程实施相关的细胞特性的改进来改善增值化学品、燃料和药物的生物生产。代谢网络模型和代谢通量是代谢工程的核心概念，正如本期刊发表的第一篇论文“代谢通量和代谢工程”（Metabolic Engineering, 1: 1–11, 1999）中所强调的那样。在过去的二十年中，已经开发了广泛的计算、分析和实验方法，通过使用通量平衡分析 (FBA)、1 3 C-代谢通量分析（13 C-MFA）。在这篇综述中，我们描述了代谢通量分析的基本原理，讨论了通量量化的当前最佳实践，强调了这些工具应用中的潜在陷阱和替代方法，并广泛概述了代谢工程实践中通量分析的实际应用.

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The field of metabolic engineering is primarily concerned with improving the biological production of value-added chemicals, fuels and pharmaceuticals through the design, construction and optimization of metabolic pathways, redirection of intracellular fluxes, and refinement of cellular properties relevant for industrial bioprocess implementation. Metabolic network models and metabolic fluxes are central concepts in metabolic engineering, as was emphasized in the first paper published in this journal, “Metabolic fluxes and metabolic engineering” (Metabolic Engineering, 1: 1–11, 1999). In the past two decades, a wide range of computational, analytical and experimental approaches have been developed to interrogate the capabilities of biological systems through analysis of metabolic network models using techniques such as flux balance analysis (FBA), and quantify metabolic fluxes using constrained-based modeling approaches such as metabolic flux analysis (MFA) and more advanced experimental techniques based on the use of stable-isotope tracers, i.e. 13C-metabolic flux analysis (13C-MFA). In this review, we describe the basic principles of metabolic flux analysis, discuss current best practices in flux quantification, highlight potential pitfalls and alternative approaches in the application of these tools, and give a broad overview of pragmatic applications of flux analysis in metabolic engineering practice.