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文章目录
一、前言二、手势1.分析2.效果演示3.完整代码
一、前言
首先要知道，通过openpose对手势进行识别，需要找到骨骼点 ，才能确定手部和脸部的位置 ，再识别手部和脸部。
前一篇文章讲了对 骨骼关键点 进行划分，再找到手部感兴趣图像（ROI）： Openpose人体骨骼、手势–静态图像标记及分类（附源码）
本文是对 手势特征 进行划分， 根据2008年，北京师范大学的特殊教育研究学者洛维维对《中国手语》进行归纳统计分析后，将5k多个中国手语词汇的基本手型归纳为61个（见后表）。  思路：  对于每幅图像提取出手型：指尖和重心（这里以手腕为参考点非实际重心），然后计算出距离和夹角，对于不同手势分别进行距离和夹角的统计，得到其分布的数字特征。
参考于：《基于计算机视觉的手势识别研究》
二、手势
1.分析
这是简单的手语拼音的部分采集图像：  根据openpose【22关键点】识别手语效果如下：  可以发现，主要是手指头的判别,同coco骨骼模型判别，我们将手势特征划分为：距离和角度。  
通过手指到手腕的距离和手指的角度，我们能很好的得到手势的关键信息！ 这里划分标准为：【21个手势点，第22个点为背景】 
当然这种划分情况，在识别不到 手腕Wrist点 时，会失真，这里暂不考虑这种特殊情况，后面都以假设0点存在进行讨论。  
关键函数：
def __distance(self,A,B):
"""距离辅助函数
:param 两个坐标A(x1,y1)B(x2,y2)
:return 距离d=AB的距离
"""
if A is None or B is None:
return 0
else:
return math.sqrt((A[0]-B[0])**2+(A[1]-B[1])**2)
def __myAngle(self,A,B,C):
"""角度辅助函数
:param 三个坐标A(x1,y1)B(x2,y2)C(x3,y3)
:return 角B的余弦值（转换为角度）
"""
if A is None or B is None or C is None:
return 0
else:
a=self.__distance(B,C)
b=self.__distance(A,C)
c=self.__distance(A,B)
if 2*a*c !=0:
return math.degrees(a**2/+c**2-b**2)/(2*a*c)#计算出cos弧度，转换为角度
return 0
def handDistance(self,rkeyPoint,lkeyPoint):
"""距离辅助函数
:param keyPoint:
:return:list
:distance:
"""
if keyPoint[0] is None:
print("未识别到Wrist参考关键点")
distance0 = self.__distance(keyPoint[0],keyPoint[4])#Thumb拇指
distance1 = self.__distance(keyPoint[0],keyPoint[8])#Index食指
distance2 = self.__distance(keyPoint[0],keyPoint[12])#Middle中指
distance3 = self.__distance(keyPoint[0],keyPoint[16])#Ring无名指
distance4 = self.__distance(keyPoint[0],keyPoint[20])#Little小指
return [distance0, distance1, distance2, distance3, distance4]
def handpointAngle(self, keyPoint):
"""角度辅助函数
:param keyPoint:
:return:list
:角度:
"""
angle0 = self.__myAngle(keyPoint[0], keyPoint[9], keyPoint[4])
angle1 = self.__myAngle(keyPoint[0], keyPoint[9], keyPoint[8])
angle2 = self.__myAngle(keyPoint[0], keyPoint[9], keyPoint[12])
angle3 = self.__myAngle(keyPoint[0], keyPoint[9], keyPoint[16])
angle4 = self.__myAngle(keyPoint[0], keyPoint[9], keyPoint[20])
return [angle0, angle1, angle2, angle3, angle4]
def getHandsInformation(self,rpoints,lpoints):
"""将右手和左手（各距离5和角度5个特征）信息汇集
:param 左右手关键点
:return 特征集合共20特征点
"""
Information = []
#右手
DistanceList = pose_model.bonepointDistance(rpoints)# 距离关键信息
AngleList = pose_model.bonepointAngle(rpoints)# 角度关键信息
for i in range(len(DistanceList)):
Information.append(DistanceList[i])
for j in range(len(AngleList)):
Information.append(AngleList[j])
#左手
DistanceList = pose_model.bonepointDistance(lpoints)# 距离关键信息
AngleList = pose_model.bonepointAngle(lpoints)# 角度关键信息
for m in range(len(DistanceList)):
Information.append(DistanceList[m])
for n in range(len(AngleList)):
Information.append(AngleList[n])
return Information
2.效果演示
标注
提取
距离和角度计算
定位
标注
距离和角度计算
图像
骨骼检测
骨骼图像
骨骼特征点
有效信息
手部图像
手势检测
手部特征点
3.完整代码
 后半部分是傅里叶描述子呈现肤色提取，这里不适用！要求手语者身着长袖，且背景不与肤色相近。据情况选择。
参考图片：（猜猜是什么意思？正确答案是：梨）  源码：
#!/usr/bin/python3
#!--*-- coding: utf-8 --*--
from __future__ import division# 精确除法
import cv2
import os
import time
import math
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['SimHei'] #用来正常显示中文标签
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=False #用来正常显示负号
class general_pose_model(object):
def __init__(self, modelpath):
# 指定采用的模型
# hand: 22 points（21个手势关键点，第22个点表示背景）
# COCO: 18 points（）
self.inWidth = 368
self.inHeight = 368
self.threshold = 0.1
self.pose_net = self.general_coco_model(modelpath)
self.hand_num_points = 22
self.hand_point_pairs = [[0,1],[1,2],[2,3],[3,4],
[0,5],[5,6],[6,7],[7,8],
[0,9],[9,10],[10,11],[11,12],
[0,13],[13,14],[14,15],[15,16],
[0,17],[17,18],[18,19],[19,20]]
self.hand_net = self.get_hand_model(modelpath)
self.MIN_DESCRIPTOR = 32 # surprisingly enough, 2 descriptors are already enough
"""提取骨骼特征点，并可视化显示"""
def general_coco_model(self, modelpath):
"""COCO输出格式：
鼻子-0, 脖子-1，右肩-2，右肘-3，右手腕-4，左肩-5，左肘-6，左手腕-7，右臀-8，右膝盖-9，右脚踝-10，
左臀-11，左膝盖-12，左脚踝-13，右眼-14，左眼-15，有耳朵-16，左耳朵-17，背景-18.
"""
self.points_name = {
"Nose": 0, "Neck": 1,
"RShoulder": 2, "RElbow": 3, "RWrist": 4,
"LShoulder": 5, "LElbow": 6, "LWrist": 7,
"RHip": 8, "RKnee": 9, "RAnkle": 10,
"LHip": 11, "LKnee": 12, "LAnkle": 13,
"REye": 14, "LEye": 15,
"REar": 16, "LEar": 17,
"Background": 18}
self.bone_num_points = 18
self.bone_point_pairs = [[1, 0], [1, 2], [1, 5],
[2, 3], [3, 4], [5, 6],
[6, 7], [1, 8], [8, 9],
[9, 10], [1, 11], [11, 12],
[12, 13], [0, 14], [0, 15],
[14, 16], [15, 17]]
prototxt = os.path.join(modelpath,"pose/coco/pose_deploy_linevec.prototxt")
caffemodel = os.path.join(modelpath, "pose/coco/pose_iter_440000.caffemodel")
coco_model = cv2.dnn.readNetFromCaffe(prototxt, caffemodel)
return coco_model
def getBoneKeypoints(self, imgfile):
"""COCO身体关键点检测
:param 图像路径
:return 关键点坐标集合
"""
img_cv2 = cv2.imread(imgfile)
img_height, img_width, _ = img_cv2.shape
#读取图像并生成输入blob
inpBlob = cv2.dnn.blobFromImage(img_cv2,1.0 / 255,(self.inWidth, self.inHeight),(0, 0, 0), swapRB=False, crop=False)
#向前通过网络
self.pose_net.setInput(inpBlob)
self.pose_net.setPreferableBackend(cv2.dnn.DNN_BACKEND_OPENCV)
self.pose_net.setPreferableTarget(cv2.dnn.DNN_TARGET_OPENCL)
output = self.pose_net.forward()
H = output.shape[2]
W = output.shape[3]
print("形状：")
print(output.shape)
# vis heatmaps
self.vis_bone_heatmaps(img_file, output)
#
points = []
for idx in range(self.bone_num_points):
#把输出的大小调整到与输入一样
probMap = output[0, idx, :, :] # confidence map.
# 提取关键点区域的局部最大值
minVal, prob, minLoc, point = cv2.minMaxLoc(probMap)
# Scale the point to fit on the original image
x = (img_width * point[0]) / W
y = (img_height * point[1]) / H
if prob > self.threshold:
points.append((int(x), int(y)))
else:
points.append(None)
#print(points)
return points
def __distance(self,A,B):
"""距离辅助函数
:param 两个坐标A(x1,y1)B(x2,y2)
:return 距离d=AB的距离
"""
if A is None or B is None:
return 0
else:
return math.sqrt((A[0]-B[0])**2+(A[1]-B[1])**2)
def __myAngle(self,A,B,C):
"""角度辅助函数
:param 三个坐标A(x1,y1)B(x2,y2)C(x3,y3)
:return 角B的余弦值（转换为角度）
"""
if A is None or B is None or C is None:
return 0
else:
a=self.__distance(B,C)
b=self.__distance(A,C)
c=self.__distance(A,B)
if 2*a*c !=0:
return math.degrees(a**2/+c**2-b**2)/(2*a*c)#计算出cos弧度，转换为角度
return 0
def bonepointDistance(self, keyPoint):
"""距离辅助函数
:param keyPoint:
:return:list
:distance:
"""
distance0 = self.__distance(keyPoint[4],keyPoint[8])#右手右腰
distance1 = self.__distance(keyPoint[7],keyPoint[11])#左手左腰
distance2 = self.__distance(keyPoint[2],keyPoint[4])#手肩
distance3 = self.__distance(keyPoint[5],keyPoint[7])
distance4 = self.__distance(keyPoint[0],keyPoint[4])#头手
distance5 = self.__distance(keyPoint[0],keyPoint[7])
distance6 = self.__distance(keyPoint[4],keyPoint[7])#两手
distance7 = self.__distance(keyPoint[4],keyPoint[16])#手耳
distance8 = self.__distance(keyPoint[7],keyPoint[17])
distance9 = self.__distance(keyPoint[4],keyPoint[14])#手眼
distance10 = self.__distance(keyPoint[7],keyPoint[15])
distance11 = self.__distance(keyPoint[4],keyPoint[1])#手脖
distance12 = self.__distance(keyPoint[7],keyPoint[1])
distance13 = self.__distance(keyPoint[4],keyPoint[5])#左手左臂
distance14 = self.__distance(keyPoint[4],keyPoint[6])#右手左肩
distance15 = self.__distance(keyPoint[7],keyPoint[2])#右手左肩
distance16 = self.__distance(keyPoint[7],keyPoint[3])#左手右臂
return [distance0, distance1, distance2, distance3, distance4, distance5, distance6, distance7,distance8,
distance9, distance10, distance11, distance12, distance13, distance14, distance15, distance16]
def bonepointAngle(self, keyPoint):
"""角度辅助函数
:param keyPoint:
:return:list
:角度:
"""
angle0 = self.__myAngle(keyPoint[2], keyPoint[3], keyPoint[4])#右手臂夹角
angle1 = self.__myAngle(keyPoint[5], keyPoint[6], keyPoint[7])#左手臂夹角
angle2 = self.__myAngle(keyPoint[3], keyPoint[2], keyPoint[1])#右肩夹角
angle3 = self.__myAngle(keyPoint[6], keyPoint[5], keyPoint[1])
angle4 = self.__myAngle(keyPoint[4], keyPoint[0], keyPoint[7])#头手头
if keyPoint[8] is None or keyPoint[11] is None:
angle5 = 0
else:
temp = ((keyPoint[8][0]+keyPoint[11][0])/2,(keyPoint[8][1]+keyPoint[11][1])/2)#两腰的中间值
angle5 = self.__myAngle(keyPoint[4], temp, keyPoint[7])#手腰手
angle6 = self.__myAngle(keyPoint[4], keyPoint[1], keyPoint[8])#右手脖腰
angle7 = self.__myAngle(keyPoint[7], keyPoint[1], keyPoint[11])#右手脖腰
return [angle0, angle1, angle2, angle3, angle4, angle5, angle6, angle7]
def getBoneInformation(self,bone_points):
"""将距离和角度25个特征信息汇集
:param 骨骼关键点
:return list 距离和角度25个特征信息
"""
Information = []
#print("骨骼关键距离信息: ")
DistanceList = self.bonepointDistance(bone_points)# 3. 距离关键信息
#print(DistanceList)
#print("骨骼关键角度信息: ")
AngleList = self.bonepointAngle(bone_points)# 4. 角度关键信息
#print(AngleList)
for i in range(len(DistanceList)):
Information.append(DistanceList[i])
for j in range(len(AngleList)):
Information.append(AngleList[j])
return Information
def vis_bone_pose(self,imgfile,points):
"""显示标注骨骼点后的图像
:param 图像路径，COCO检测关键点坐标
:return 骨骼连线图、关键点图
"""
img_cv2 = cv2.imread(imgfile)
img_cv2_copy = np.copy(img_cv2)
for idx in range(len(points)):
if points[idx]:
cv2.circle(img_cv2_copy, points[idx], 5, (0, 255, 255), thickness=-1,lineType=cv2.FILLED)
cv2.putText(img_cv2_copy, "{}".format(idx), points[idx], cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX,1,(0, 0, 255),4, lineType=cv2.LINE_AA)
h = int(self.__distance(points[4],points[3]))#小臂周长
if points[4]:
x_center = points[4][0]
y_center = points[4][1]
cv2.rectangle(img_cv2_copy, (x_center-h, y_center-h), (x_center+h, y_center+h), (255, 0, 0), 2)#框
cv2.circle(img_cv2_copy,(x_center, y_center), 1, (100, 100, 0), thickness=-1,lineType=cv2.FILLED)#坐标点
cv2.putText(img_cv2_copy,"%d,%d" % (x_center,y_center),(x_center, y_center), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX,
0.6, (100, 100, 0), 2, lineType=cv2.LINE_AA)#右手首
if points[7]:
x_center = points[7][0]
y_center = points[7][1]
cv2.rectangle(img_cv2_copy, (x_center-h, y_center-h), (x_center+h, y_center+h), (255, 0, 0), 1)
cv2.putText(img_cv2_copy,"%d,%d" % (x_center,y_center),(x_center, y_center), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX,
0.6, (100, 100, 0), 2, lineType=cv2.LINE_AA)#左手首
cv2.circle(img_cv2_copy,(x_center-h, y_center-h), 3, (225, 225, 255), thickness=-1,lineType=cv2.FILLED)#对角点
cv2.putText(img_cv2_copy, "{}".format(x_center-h),(x_center-h, y_center-h), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX,
0.6, (100, 100, 0), 2, lineType=cv2.LINE_AA)
cv2.circle(img_cv2_copy,(x_center+h, y_center+h), 3, (225, 225, 255), thickness=-1,lineType=cv2.FILLED)
cv2.putText(img_cv2_copy, "{}".format(x_center+h),(x_center+h, y_center+h), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX,
0.6, (100, 100, 0), 2, lineType=cv2.LINE_AA)#对角点
# 骨骼连线
for pair in self.bone_point_pairs:
partA = pair[0]
partB = pair[1]
if points[partA] and points[partB]:
cv2.line(img_cv2, points[partA], points[partB], (0, 255, 255), 3)
cv2.circle(img_cv2, points[partA],4, (0, 0, 255),thickness=-1, lineType=cv2.FILLED)
plt.figure(figsize=[10, 10])
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.imshow(cv2.cvtColor(img_cv2, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
plt.axis("off")
plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.imshow(cv2.cvtColor(img_cv2_copy, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
plt.axis("off")
plt.show()
def vis_bone_heatmaps(self, imgfile, net_outputs):
"""显示骨骼关键点热力图
:param 图像路径，神经网络
"""
img_cv2 = cv2.imread(imgfile)
plt.figure(figsize=[10, 10])
for pdx in range(self.bone_num_points):
probMap = net_outputs[0, pdx, :, :]#全部heatmap都初始化为0
probMap = cv2.resize(probMap,(img_cv2.shape[1], img_cv2.shape[0]))
plt.subplot(5, 5, pdx+1)
plt.imshow(cv2.cvtColor(img_cv2, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))# background
plt.imshow(probMap, alpha=0.6)
plt.colorbar()
plt.axis("off")
plt.show()
"""提取手势图像（在骨骼基础上定位左右手图片），handpose特征点，并可视化显示"""
def get_hand_model(self, modelpath):
prototxt = os.path.join(modelpath, "hand/pose_deploy.prototxt")
caffemodel = os.path.join(modelpath, "hand/pose_iter_102000.caffemodel")
hand_model = cv2.dnn.readNetFromCaffe(prototxt, caffemodel)
return hand_model
def getOneHandKeypoints(self, handimg):
"""hand手部关键点检测（单手）
:param 手部图像路径，手部关键点
:return 单手关键点坐标集合
"""
img_height, img_width, _ = handimg.shape
aspect_ratio = img_width / img_height
inWidth = int(((aspect_ratio * self.inHeight) * 8) // 8)
inpBlob = cv2.dnn.blobFromImage(handimg, 1.0 / 255, (inWidth, self.inHeight), (0, 0, 0), swapRB=False, crop=False)
self.hand_net.setInput(inpBlob)
output = self.hand_net.forward()
# vis heatmaps
self.vis_hand_heatmaps(handimg, output)
#
points = []
for idx in range(self.hand_num_points):
probMap = output[0, idx, :, :] # confidence map.
probMap = cv2.resize(probMap, (img_width, img_height))
# Find global maxima of the probMap.
minVal, prob, minLoc, point = cv2.minMaxLoc(probMap)
if prob > self.threshold:
points.append((int(point[0]), int(point[1])))
else:
points.append(None)
return points
def getHandROI(self,imgfile,bonepoints):
"""hand手部感兴趣的区域寻找到双手图像
:param 图像路径，骨骼关键点
:return 左手关键点，右手关键点坐标集合,原始图片位置参数
"""
img_cv2 = cv2.imread(imgfile)#原图像
img_height, img_width, _ = img_cv2.shape
rimg = img_cv2.copy()#图像备份
limg = img_cv2.copy()
# 以右手首为中心，裁剪长度为小臂长的图片
if bonepoints[4] and bonepoints[3]:#右手
h = int(self.__distance(bonepoints[4],bonepoints[3]))#小臂长
x_center = bonepoints[4][0]
y_center = bonepoints[4][1]
x1 = x_center-h
y1 = y_center-h
x2 = x_center+h
y2 = y_center+h
print(x1,x2,x_center,y_center,y1,y2)
if x1img_width:
x2 = img_width
if y1img_height:
y2 = img_height
rimg = img_cv2[y1:y2,x1:x2]# 裁剪坐标为[y0:y1, x0:x1]
if bonepoints[7] and bonepoints[6]:#左手
h = int(self.__distance(bonepoints[7],bonepoints[6]))#小臂长
x_center = bonepoints[7][0]
y_center = bonepoints[7][1]
x1 = x_center-h
y1 = y_center-h
x2 = x_center+h
y2 = y_center+h
print(x1,x2,x_center,y_center,y1,y2)
if x1img_width:
x2 = img_width
if y1img_height:
y2 = img_height
limg = img_cv2[y1:y2,x1:x2]# 裁剪坐标为[y0:y1, x0:x1]
plt.figure(figsize=[10, 10])
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.imshow(cv2.cvtColor(rimg, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
plt.axis("off")
plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.imshow(cv2.cvtColor(limg, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
plt.axis("off")
plt.show()
return rimg,limg
def getHandsKeypoints(self,rimg,limg):
"""双手图像分别获取特征点
:param 图像路径，骨骼关键点
:return 左手关键点，右手关键点坐标集合
"""
# 分别获取手部特征点
rhandpoints = self.getOneHandKeypoints(rimg)
lhandpoints = self.getOneHandKeypoints(limg)
#显示
pose_model.vis_hand_pose(rimg, rhandpoints)
pose_model.vis_hand_pose(limg, lhandpoints)
return rhandpoints,lhandpoints
def handDistance(self,rkeyPoint,lkeyPoint):
"""距离辅助函数
:param keyPoint:
:return:list
:distance:
"""
if keyPoint[0] is None:
print("未识别到Wrist参考关键点")
distance0 = self.__distance(keyPoint[0],keyPoint[4])#Thumb拇指
distance1 = self.__distance(keyPoint[0],keyPoint[8])#Index食指
distance2 = self.__distance(keyPoint[0],keyPoint[12])#Middle中指
distance3 = self.__distance(keyPoint[0],keyPoint[16])#Ring无名指
distance4 = self.__distance(keyPoint[0],keyPoint[20])#Little小指
return [distance0, distance1, distance2, distance3, distance4]
def handpointAngle(self, keyPoint):
"""角度辅助函数
:param keyPoint:
:return:list
:角度:
"""
angle0 = self.__myAngle(keyPoint[0], keyPoint[9], keyPoint[4])
angle1 = self.__myAngle(keyPoint[0], keyPoint[9], keyPoint[8])
angle2 = self.__myAngle(keyPoint[0], keyPoint[9], keyPoint[12])
angle3 = self.__myAngle(keyPoint[0], keyPoint[9], keyPoint[16])
angle4 = self.__myAngle(keyPoint[0], keyPoint[9], keyPoint[20])
return [angle0, angle1, angle2, angle3, angle4]
def getHandsInformation(self,rpoints,lpoints):
"""将右手和左手（各距离5和角度5个特征）信息汇集
:param 左右手关键点
:return 特征集合共20特征点
"""
Information = []
#右手
DistanceList = self.bonepointDistance(rpoints)# 距离关键信息
AngleList = self.bonepointAngle(rpoints)# 角度关键信息
for i in range(len(DistanceList)):
Information.append(DistanceList[i])
for j in range(len(AngleList)):
Information.append(AngleList[j])
#左手
DistanceList = self.bonepointDistance(lpoints)# 距离关键信息
AngleList = self.bonepointAngle(lpoints)# 角度关键信息
for m in range(len(DistanceList)):
Information.append(DistanceList[m])
for n in range(len(AngleList)):
Information.append(AngleList[n])
return Information
def vis_hand_heatmaps(self, handimg, net_outputs):
"""显示手势关键点热力图（单手）
:param 图像路径，神经网络
"""
plt.figure(figsize=[10, 10])
for pdx in range(self.hand_num_points):
probMap = net_outputs[0, pdx, :, :]
probMap = cv2.resize(probMap, (handimg.shape[1], handimg.shape[0]))
plt.subplot(5, 5, pdx+1)
plt.imshow(cv2.cvtColor(handimg, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
plt.imshow(probMap, alpha=0.6)
plt.colorbar()
plt.axis("off")
plt.show()
def vis_hand_pose(self,handimg, points):
"""显示标注手势关键点后的图像（单手）
:param 图像路径，每只手检测关键点坐标
:return 关键点连线图，关键点图
"""
img_cv2_copy = np.copy(handimg)
for idx in range(len(points)):
if points[idx]:
cv2.circle(img_cv2_copy, points[idx], 2, (0, 255, 255), thickness=-1,lineType=cv2.FILLED)
cv2.putText(img_cv2_copy, "{}".format(idx), points[idx], cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX,0.3,
(0, 0, 255), 1, lineType=cv2.LINE_AA)
# Draw Skeleton
for pair in self.hand_point_pairs:
partA = pair[0]
partB = pair[1]
if points[partA] and points[partB]:
cv2.line(handimg, points[partA], points[partB], (0, 255, 255), 2)
cv2.circle(handimg, points[partA], 2, (0, 0, 255), thickness=-1, lineType=cv2.FILLED)
plt.figure(figsize=[10, 10])
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.imshow(cv2.cvtColor(handimg, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
plt.axis("off")
plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.imshow(cv2.cvtColor(img_cv2_copy, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
plt.axis("off")
plt.show()
"""提取手势傅里叶描述子"""
def find_contours(self,Laplacian):
"""获取连通域
:param: 输入Laplacian算子（空间锐化滤波）
:return: 最大连通域
"""
#binaryimg = cv2.Canny(res, 50, 200) #二值化，canny检测
h = cv2.findContours(Laplacian,cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL,cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_NONE) #寻找轮廓
contour = h[0]
contour = sorted(contour, key = cv2.contourArea, reverse=True)#对一系列轮廓点坐标按它们围成的区域面积进行排序
return contour
def skinMask(self,roi):
"""YCrCb颜色空间的Cr分量+Otsu法阈值分割算法
:param res: 输入原图像
:return: 肤色滤波后图像
"""
YCrCb = cv2.cvtColor(roi, cv2.COLOR_BGR2YCR_CB) #转换至YCrCb空间
(y,cr,cb) = cv2.split(YCrCb) #拆分出Y,Cr,Cb值
cr1 = cv2.GaussianBlur(cr, (5,5), 0)
_, skin = cv2.threshold(cr1, 0, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY + cv2.THRESH_OTSU) #Ostu处理
res = cv2.bitwise_and(roi,roi, mask = skin)
plt.figure(figsize=(10,10))
plt.subplot(1,2,1)
plt.imshow(cv2.cvtColor(roi, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
plt.xlabel(u'原图',fontsize=20)
plt.subplot(1,2,2)
plt.imshow(cv2.cvtColor(res, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
plt.xlabel(u'肤色滤波后的图像',fontsize=20)
plt.show()
plt.figure(figsize=(10,4))
plt.subplot(1, 3, 1)
hist1 = cv2.calcHist([roi], [0], None, [256], [0, 256])#直方图opencv
plt.xlabel(u'opencv直方图',fontsize=20)
plt.plot(hist1)
plt.subplot(1, 3, 2)
hist2 = np.bincount(roi.ravel(), minlength=256) #np直方图
hist2, bins = np.histogram(roi.ravel(), 256, [0, 256])#np直方图ravel()二维变一维
plt.plot(hist2)
plt.xlabel(u'np直方图',fontsize=20)
plt.subplot(1, 3, 3)
plt.hist(roi.ravel(), 256, [0, 256])#matlab自带直方图
plt.xlabel(u'matlab直方图',fontsize=20)
plt.show()
# gray= cv2.cvtColor(roi,cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
# equ = cv2.equalizeHist(gray)
# cv2.imshow('equalization', np.hstack((roi, equ))) # 并排显示
# cv2.waitKey(0)
# 自适应均衡化，参数可选
# plt.figure()
# clahe = cv2.createCLAHE(clipLimit=2.0, tileGridSize=(8, 8))
# cl1 = clahe.apply(roi)
# plt.show()
return res
def truncate_descriptor(self,fourier_result):
"""截短傅里叶描述子
:param res: 输入傅里叶描述子
:return: 截短傅里叶描述子
"""
descriptors_in_use = np.fft.fftshift(fourier_result)
#取中间的MIN_DESCRIPTOR项描述子
center_index = int(len(descriptors_in_use) / 2)
low, high = center_index - int(self.MIN_DESCRIPTOR / 2), center_index + int(self.MIN_DESCRIPTOR / 2)
descriptors_in_use = descriptors_in_use[low:high]
descriptors_in_use = np.fft.ifftshift(descriptors_in_use)
return descriptors_in_use
def fourierDesciptor(self,res):
"""计算傅里叶描述子
:param res: 输入图片
:return: 图像，描述子点
"""
#Laplacian算子进行八邻域检测
gray = cv2.cvtColor(res, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
dst = cv2.Laplacian(gray, cv2.CV_16S, ksize = 3)
Laplacian = cv2.convertScaleAbs(dst)
contour = self.find_contours(Laplacian)#提取轮廓点坐标
contour_array = contour[0][:, 0, :]#注意这里只保留区域面积最大的轮廓点坐标
contours_complex = np.empty(contour_array.shape[:-1], dtype=complex)
contours_complex.real = contour_array[:,0]#横坐标作为实数部分
contours_complex.imag = contour_array[:,1]#纵坐标作为虚数部分
fourier_result = np.fft.fft(contours_complex)#进行傅里叶变换
#fourier_result = np.fft.fftshift(fourier_result)
descirptor_in_use = self.truncate_descriptor(fourier_result)#截短傅里叶描述子
img1 = res.copy()
self.reconstruct(res, descirptor_in_use)# 绘图显示描述子点
self.draw_circle(img1, descirptor_in_use)# 相关关定位框架
return res, descirptor_in_use
def reconstruct(self,img, descirptor_in_use):
"""由傅里叶描述子重建轮廓图
:param res: 输入图像，傅里叶描述子
:return: 重绘图像
"""
contour_reconstruct = np.fft.ifft(descirptor_in_use)#傅里叶反变换
contour_reconstruct = np.array([contour_reconstruct.real,contour_reconstruct.imag])
contour_reconstruct = np.transpose(contour_reconstruct)#转换矩阵
contour_reconstruct = np.expand_dims(contour_reconstruct, axis = 1)#改变数组维度在axis=1轴上加1
if contour_reconstruct.min() |