动名词的复合结构【附带普通格和所有格】 |
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一、含义 当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,要在动名词之前加上自己的逻辑主语,这便构成了动名词的复合结构。 举例说明:I know nothing about his having served in the army. 我一点也不知道他服过役。这里的his having served in the army 是介词about的宾语,自然也就是动名词,只是这里的his having served被称为“动名词的复合结构”,这种结构一般用到动名词的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致的情况下,这里的his是having served的逻辑主语(也就是实际的行为实施者),这里用的his是he的形容词性物主代词(也就是只能作形容词作来修饰名词,不能直接用作句子成分。),而having served是一个动名词的完成时态。这里的这个动名词的复合结构“his having served in the army”实际上相当一个从句:he has served in the army. 他在部分服过役。说到“动名词的复合结构”,也有不少的人朋友感觉不好懂。其实它就是“说明了逻辑主语的动名词短语”。也就是在这个短语中告诉了我们这个行为是谁实施的。 二、四种形式【也可以说:动名词的复合结构由“名词或代词的所有格或通格(主格和宾格统称为通格)+动名词”组成】(一)形容词性物主代词(my、his…)+动名词例:Your going there will help a lot.你到那里去将能帮上大忙。 (二)名词's(名词所有格)+动名词例:We are looking forward to the expert’s coming to give a speech to us.我们正盼望着那位专家来给我们演讲你到那里去将能帮上大忙。
(三)代词宾格(me,us,she, him…)+动名词 例:Do you mind me opening the door?您介意我把门打开吗?
(四)名词+动名词例:Can you hear the noise of the machine running?你能听到机器运转的噪音吗? 注:比较下列表格中的句子
三、动名词的复合结构在句子中的所充当的成分 (一)用作主语 例1:John’s coming here will get us out of trouble.约翰的到来将会使我们脱离困境。 例2:The students' knowing English well will help them to learn French.学生学好了英语对学习法语有帮助。 (二)用作动词或短语动词的宾语 例1:I remember Tom's going there.我记得汤姆去过那里。 例2:I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.你今天下午能回电话的话,我将非常感谢。 例3:I don’t remember him/his giving me that book.我记得他给过我那本书。 例4:Do you mind my smoking?我抽烟你介意吗? 例5:Her parents insisted on her studying medicine.她父母坚持要她学医。 例6:Have you heard of my sister’s winning the contest?我妹妹在竞赛中获胜的事你听说了吗? (三)用作介词宾语 例1:Mary insisted on my reading the letter.玛丽坚持要我看信。 例2:I don’t like the idea of our living here.我不愿意我们住在这里。 例3:I knew nothing about the window being open.我一点也不知道窗户敞开着。 例4:He left the city without our knowing it.他离开城市我们大家都不知道。. 例5:Our discussion of earthquakes would be incomplete if we didn't raise the possibility of their being caused by external forces.要是我们没有考虑到外部力量造成地震的可能性,那么我们对于地震的研究还有所欠缺。 例6:What are the chances of a sleepwalker's committing a murder or doing something else extraordinary in his sleep?梦游者在睡梦中实施谋杀或做出其他一些超常活动的可能性有多大呢? 例7:When I was a child,I would take a flashlight to bed with me so that I could read comic books without my parents' knowing about it. (四) 用作表语 例1:What is most important is Tom’s going there at once. 例2:The main trouble is their not having enough money. 四、普通格还是所有格 在应用动名词复合结构时什么时候用普通格什么时候用所有格,一般遵循下面规定: (一)若动名词复合结构在句中作主语,最好用所有格形式: a. Tom's refusing to accept the invitation upset me. b. His refusing to accept the invitation upset me.(不宜用 him refusing) c. It was a great consolation his coming home at last.(不宜用him coming) (二)动名词复合结构在句中作宾语时,用普通格或所有格均可: a. Do you mind me making a suggestion? b.l am annoyed about John forgetting to pay. c..I remember_B__to help us if we ever got into trouble(9306CET-4) A.once offering B.him once offering C.him to offer D.to offer him (三) 若动名词的逻辑主语是无生命的“物”而不是“人”时,最好用普通格: a.The noise of the desks being opened and closed can beheard out in the street. b. There is a necessity for this type of houses being built. c.In the event of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to $30 million.万一这个项目投资失败,投资者将会损失三千万美元。 (四)若动名词的逻辑主语是不定代词时(如:someone,anyone,everyone等)最好用普通格: He was awakened by someone knocking on the door. (五)若动名词的逻辑主语由较长的一组词构成时,最好用普通格: a. There is no point any one of us arguing with him. b.I've always had in my mind a dream of my father,mother and I living together. c.Do you remember John and his father coming to see us last Christmas?
五、动名词复合结构的否定式、被动式和完成式 动名词复合结构的否定式仍然是在动名词前面加not等否定词;动名词与其逻辑主语之间构成被动关系时,动名词用被动式;动名词表示的动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前时,动名词用完成式。 (一)否定式 例:Mary's not passing the exam made her mother very angry. 玛丽考试不及格使她妈妈非常生气。 (二)被动式 例:She didn't mind her books being taken away and used by other students. 她并不介意她的书被别的学生拿去用。 (三)完成式 例:I know nothing about his having gone to Beijing. 我不知道他已经去了北京。
基础知识点:(普)通格和所有格 英语名词有通格和所有格两种形式.通格就是名词的原形,在句中用作主语、宾语、表语时词形不发生变化.所有格一般表示所有关系,有's所有格和of所有格两种。 普通格和所有格是相对的名词在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语、补足语、定语和状语。作主语、宾语、表语及补足语时,都用普通格。而当用作定语时,表示中心词的材料、性质、用途、类别等时用普通格;表示名词间的所属关系时,用所有格。普通格作定语又分三种情况:1.名词一般用单数形式;2.clothes,goods,parents,sports等名词一般要用复数形式;3.man,woman修饰单数名词时,用单数形式,修饰复数名词时要用复数形式。所有格作定语时,也有三种情况:1.名词+ -S,一般表示有生命的名词,但现代英语中的时间、地点名词也可有这种用法;2.of+名词,一般表示没有生命的名词;3.of+名词+ -'S一般表示有生命的名词。
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