linux查看系统的硬件信息，并不像windows那么直观，这里我罗列了查看系统信息的实用命令，并做了分类，实例解说。查看系统信息 uname -a 显示系统名、节点名称、操作系统的发行版号、操作系统版本、运行系统的机器 ID 号cpu lscpu命令，查看的是cpu的统计信息. blue@blue-pc:~$ lscpu Architecture:          i686            #cpu架构 CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order:            Little Endian   #小尾序 CPU(s):                4               #总共有4核 On-line CPU(s) list:   0-3 Thread(s) per core:    1               #每个cpu核，只能支持一个线程，即不支持超线程 Core(s) per socket:    4               #每个cpu，有4个核 Socket(s):             1               #总共有1一个cpu Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel    #cpu产商 intel CPU family:            6 Model:                 42 Stepping:              7 CPU MHz:               1600.000 BogoMIPS:              5986.12 Virtualization:        VT-x            #支持cpu虚拟化技术 L1d cache:             32K L1i cache:             32K L2 cache:              256K L3 cache:              6144K 查看/proc/cpuinfo,可以知道每个cpu信息，如每个CPU的型号，主频等。 #cat /proc/cpuinfo processor    : 0 vendor_id    : GenuineIntel cpu family    : 6 model        : 42 model name    : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2320 CPU @ 3.00GHz ..... 上面输出的是第一个cpu部分信息，还有3个cpu信息省略了。  内存 概要查看内存情况 free -m              total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached Mem:          3926       3651        274          0         12        404 -/+ buffers/cache:       3235        691 Swap:         9536         31       9505 这里的单位是MB，总共的内存是3926MB。 查看内存详细使用 # cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal:        4020868 kB MemFree:          230884 kB Buffers:            7600 kB Cached:           454772 kB SwapCached:          836 kB .....查看内存硬件信息 dmidecode -t memory # dmidecode 2.11 SMBIOS 2.7 present. Handle 0x0008, DMI type 16, 23 bytes Physical Memory Array     Location: System Board Or Motherboard ....     Maximum Capacity: 32 GB .... Handle 0x000A, DMI type 17, 34 bytes .... Memory Device     Array Handle: 0x0008     Error Information Handle: Not Provided     Total Width: 64 bits     Data Width: 64 bits     Size: 4096 MB .....磁盘 查看硬盘和分区分布 # lsblk NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda      8:0    0 465.8G  0 disk ├─sda1   8:1    0     1G  0 part /boot ├─sda2   8:2    0   9.3G  0 part [SWAP] ├─sda3   8:3    0  74.5G  0 part / ├─sda4   8:4    0     1K  0 part ├─sda5   8:5    0 111.8G  0 part /home └─sda6   8:6    0 269.2G  0 part 显示很直观 如果要看硬盘和分区的详细信息 # fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00023728    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System /dev/sda1   *        2048     2148351     1073152   83  Linux /dev/sda2         2148352    21680127     9765888   82  Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3        21680128   177930239    78125056   83  Linux /dev/sda4       177932286   976771071   399419393    5  Extended/dev/sda5       177932288   412305407   117186560   83  Linux /dev/sda6       412307456   976771071   282231808   83  Linux网卡 查看网卡硬件信息 # lspci | grep -i 'eth' 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06) 查看系统的所有网络接口 # ifconfig -a eth0      Link encap:以太网  硬件地址 b8:97:5a:17:b3:8f             ..... lo        Link encap:本地环回             ..... 或者是 ip link show 1: lo: mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state DOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 2: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether b8:97:5a:17:b3:8f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 如果要查看某个网络接口的详细信息，例如eth0的详细参数和指标 # ethtool eth0 Settings for eth0:     Supported ports: [ TP MII ]     Supported link modes:   10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full                             100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full                             1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full #支持千兆半双工，全双工模式     Supported pause frame use: No     Supports auto-negotiation: Yes #支持自适应模式，一般都支持     Advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full                             100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full                             1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full     Advertised pause frame use: Symmetric Receive-only     Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes #默认使用自适应模式     Link partner advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full                                          100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full     .....     Speed: 100Mb/s #现在网卡的速度是100Mb,网卡使用自适应模式，所以推测路由是100Mb，导致网卡从支持千兆，变成要支持百兆     Duplex: Full   #全双工     .....     Link detected: yes    #表示有网线连接，和路由是通的  其他 查看pci信息，即主板所有硬件槽信息。 lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09) #主板芯片 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) #显卡 00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB xHCI Host Controller (rev 04) #usb控制器 00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point MEI Controller #1 (rev 04) 00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04) #声卡 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev c4) #pci 插槽 00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev c4) 00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev c4) 00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point LPC Controller (rev 04) 00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 4 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 04) #硬盘接口 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Panther Point SMBus Controller (rev 04) 00:1f.5 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 2 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 04) #硬盘接口 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06) #网卡 03:00.0 PCI bridge: Integrated Technology Express, Inc. Device 8893 (rev 41) 如果要更详细的信息:lspci -v 或者 lspci -vv 如果要看设备树:lscpi -t 查看bios信息 # dmidecode -t bios ...... BIOS Information     Vendor: American Megatrends Inc.     Version: 4.6.5     Release Date: 04/25/2012     .......     BIOS Revision: 4.6 ...... dmidecode以一种可读的方式dump出机器的DMI(Desktop Management Interface)信息。这些信息包括了硬件以及BIOS，既可以得到当前的配置，也可以得到系统支持的最大配置，比如说支持的最大内存数等。 如果要查看所有有用信息 dmidecode -q 里面包含了很多硬件信息。