名词单数变复数的十大规则以及名词单数变复数时S/ES的发音规则 |
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Concrete Nouns and Abstract Nouns: 具体名词与抽象名词: ◆ Concrete Nouns are nouns that can be physically experienced through taste, touch, sight, hearing, or smell. 具体名词是通过五感可以看到或接触到的名词,如book, tree, water, sand, pen, house, sugar, phone, cloud, petrol, boy, girl, teacher, student等。 ◆ Abstract Nouns, unlike concrete nouns, are ideas, concepts and emotions. 抽象名词指抽象概念的名称,这些概念是看不见摸不着,这类名词包括想法、概念、情绪等。如love, beauty, happiness, youth, failure, success等。 Countable and Uncountable Nouns: 可数名词和不可数名词: Countable nouns are for things we can count using numbers. They have a singular and a plural form. The singular form can use the determiner "a" or "an". If you want to ask about the quantity of a countable noun, you ask "How many?" combined with the plural countable noun. 可数名词是可以用数目来计算的名词。可数名词有单数和复数形式。单数形式可以用限定词 “a”或 “an”来修饰。用“How many + 可数名词的复数形式?”提问。 ★ She has three dogs. ★ 她有三只狗。 ★ I would like two books please. ★ 我想要两本书,谢谢。 ★ How many friends do you have? ★ 你有多少个朋友? Uncountable nouns or noncount nouns are for the things that we cannot count with numbers. They usually do not have a plural form. We cannot use a/an or a number with these nouns. To express a quantity of an uncountable noun, use a word or expression like some, a lot of, much, a bit of, a great deal of, or use an exact measurement like a cup of, a bag of, 1kg of, 1L of, a handful of, a pinch of. If you want to ask about the quantity of an uncountable noun, you ask "How much?" 不可数名词是无法用数目来计算的名词,没有复数形式。不能用限定词 “a”或 “an”或者数字来修饰。要想表达数量,我们可以用some,a lot of,much,a bit of,a great deal of,或 a cup of,a bag of,1kg of,1L of,a handful of(一把),a pinch of(一撮)等词。用“How much?”提问。 Types of Uncountable Nouns不可数名词有哪些: ◆ Liquids and Gases液体和气体: water, juice, milk, beer, tea, olive oil, soup, blood, honey, gas, air, petrol, gasoline, oxygen, nitrogen ◆ Powders粉末: sugar, flour, salt, rice, sand, soil, dust ◆ Materials材料: wood, plastic, metal, paper, silk, gold, copper, iron, stone, glass ◆ Food食物: fruit, meat, chicken, beef, pork, mutton, fish cheese, bread, butter ◆ Subject学科: art, geography, English, science, biology, physics ◆ Natural Phenomenon自然现象: fog, ice, rain, snow, weather, sunrise, sunset ◆ Names of Sports and Activities运动或活动的名称: baseball, dancing, yoga, hockey, reading, hiking ◆ Abstract Ideas抽象概念: time, information, love, beauty, knowledge, happiness, money, advice, education, pride, wisdom, trust, youth ★ There has been a lot of research into the causes of this disease. ★ 对这种疾病的病因研究已有很多。 ★ He gave me a great deal of advice before my interview. ★ 他在面试前给了我很多建议。 ★ How much bread do you need? ★你需要多少面包? Countable nouns have singular and plural forms: 可数名词的单数和复数: Plural Nouns Rules可数名词单数变复数规则: 1. Add S to form the plural of most nouns: 大多数名词变复数直接在名词末尾加s: girl – girls / apples – apples/ tree - trees 2. Add ES to nouns that end in ch, sh, s, x, or z: 以ch, sh, s, x, z结尾名词加es: bench – benches / dish – dishes / bus – buses/box - boxes 有时需要双写辅音字母,再加es, 如quizzes,当ch发/k/音时,直接加s,如stomachs。 3. For nouns that end in Y with a consonant before the Y, change the Y to I and add ES: 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es: candy – candies / puppy - puppies 4. For nouns that end in Y with a vowel before the Y, just add S: 以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,直接在词尾加s: toy – toys / monkey – monkeys / boy - boys 5. For nouns that end in F or FE, drop the F or FE and add VES: 以f或fe结尾的名词,去掉f或fe,加ves: loaf – loaves / knife – knives / leaf – leaves/ wife – wives / shelf – shelves / thief - thieves 例外: beliefs, roofs, chefs, proofs, handcuffs, safes保险柜; 当以ff结尾时,直接加s,如cliffs。 6. For nouns that end with a consonant before an O, add ES: 以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词加es: potato – potatoes 土豆 / tomato – tomatoes 西红柿 cargo – cargoes 货物 / echo – echoes 回声 hero – heroes 英雄 例外: zeros, photos, tacos, pianos, autos. 以“元音字母+o”结尾的名词,直接在词尾加s,如radios收音机,stereos音响, bamboos竹子, zoos动物园, ratios比率。 7. Some nouns, change the spelling of the singular noun: 不规则变化:Man-men, woman-women, child-children, mouse-mice, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, goose-geese, ox-oxen, person-people, die-dice 8. Some nouns, use the same singular and plural form: 单复同形:deer-deer; fish-fish; sheep-sheep; moose-moose; aircraft – aircraft; Chinese – Chinese; Japanese – Japanese; Swiss - Swiss 9. Some nouns are never singular, and we always use their plural forms: 有些名词我们只使用其复数形式: ★ trousers裤子; jeans牛仔裤; pants裤子; ★ glasses眼镜; sunglasses太阳镜; clothes衣服; ★ scissors剪刀; pajamas睡衣; gloves手套; ★ suspenders吊带; spectacles眼镜; scales天平; ★ shoes鞋; shorts短裤; socks袜子; stockings长筒袜; ★ ashes灰尘; remains残骸; belongings财产; ★ savings储蓄; commons平民; stairs楼梯; wages工资; ★ outskirts郊区; surroundings环境; lodgings出租屋 10. Words about nouns in English that have Latin and Greek origins: 拉丁语和希腊语来源的英语名词变复数: How to Say Plural Endings -S/-ES: 名词变复数S/ES的发音规则: The way this ending is pronounced depends on the last sound of the noun in singular form. There are three different cases: 名词变复数时词尾的发音取决于名词单数形式时最后一个发音,有三种情况: ◆ We say /s/ after the voiceless consonants /f, k, p, t, θ/: 在清辅音/f, k, p, t, θ/后发/s/: cups /kʌps/; book / bʊks/; hats /hæts/. ◆ We say /z/ after voiced consonants /b, d, g, l, m, n, ŋ, r v, ð/ and vowel sounds: 在浊辅音/b, d, g, l, m, n, ŋ, r v, ð/和元音后发/z/: beds /bedz/; games /geɪmz/; toys /'tɔɪz/; parties /ˈpɑ:tiz/ ◆ We say /ɪz/ for nouns with the final sound /s, z, ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ/, usually including nouns that end in ch, sh, s, x, or z that we add ES for the plural: 以/s, z, ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ/结尾的名词,通常包括以ch, sh, s, x, z结尾的名词加es变复数,发/ɪz/: buses /'bʌsɪz/; wish /'wɪʃɪz/; ages /'eidʒiz/; watches /wɔtʃiz/; foxes /fɔksiz/ ★ My sister has one child; my brother has two children. ★ 我姐姐有一个孩子;我弟弟有两个孩子。 ★ I’m a quiet person, so I don’t talk to many people. ★ 我是个安静的人,所以我不和很多人说话。 ★ Did you catch one fish or two fish at the lake? ★ 你在湖边抓了一条鱼还是两条鱼? ★ I have one pair of glasses and two pairs of sunglasses. ★我有一副眼镜和两副太阳镜。 ★ He has one cactus in his front yard, but many cacti in his backyard. ★他的前院有一棵仙人掌,但他的后院有很多仙人掌。返回搜狐,查看更多 |
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