Ubuntu 根文件系统定制 |
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Ubuntu 根文件系统定制¶
以下基于 Ubuntu 18.04 64bit 根文件系统定制为例。 准备工作¶ 安装 qemu¶在 Linux PC 主机上安装模拟器： sudo apt-get install qemu-user-static 下载和解压 ubuntu-core¶用户可以到 ubuntu cdimg 下载，选择下载 ubuntu-base-18.04.5-base-arm64.tar.gz。 下载完之后，创建临时文件夹并解压根文件系统： mkdir temp sudo tar -xpf ubuntu-base-18.04.5-base-arm64.tar.gz -C temp 修改根文件系统¶ 准备工作¶准备网络： sudo cp -b /etc/resolv.conf temp/etc/resolv.conf准备 qemu： sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static temp/usr/bin/创建一个挂载脚本，命名为 mount.sh，脚本内容如下： #!/bin/bash mnt() { echo "MOUNTING" sudo mount -t proc /proc ${2}proc sudo mount -t sysfs /sys ${2}sys sudo mount -o bind /dev ${2}dev sudo mount -o bind /dev/pts ${2}dev/pts } umnt() { echo "UNMOUNTING" sudo umount ${2}proc sudo umount ${2}sys sudo umount ${2}dev/pts sudo umount ${2}dev } if [ "$1" == "-m" ] && [ -n "$2" ] ; then mnt $1 $2 elif [ "$1" == "-u" ] && [ -n "$2" ]; then umnt $1 $2 fi添加执行权限并使用脚本进行挂载： 注意：稍后定制完成一定要记得取消挂载！！！ chmod +x mount.sh ./mount.sh -m temp/进入根文件系统进行操作： sudo chroot temp 更新及安装¶更新： apt update apt upgrade至少需要安装一个 systemd，否则开机无法进入系统 apt install -y systemd安装自己需要的功能 apt install vim git ....(根据自己需求添加)安装 xubuntu： apt-get install xubuntu-desktop可能出现错误: E: Unable to locate package xxxx安装包的源没有添加到 /etc/apt/source.list 中,导致无法识别安装包,可以自行添加源，也可以使用下面给出的 source.list 覆盖原来的 /etc/apt/source.list 文件: # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to # newer versions of the distribution. deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main restricted deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main restricted ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the ## distribution. deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main restricted deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main restricted ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'universe' ## repository. ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any ## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team. deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic universe deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic universe deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates universe deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates universe ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features. ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team. deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-backports main restricted deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-backports main restricted deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security main restricted deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security main restricted deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security universe deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security universe deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security multiverse deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security multiverse 添加用户及设置密码¶添加用户： useradd -s '/bin/bash' -m -G adm,sudo firefly给用户设置密码： passwd firefly给root用户设置密码： passwd root修改完自己的根文件系统就可以退出了。 exit一定要取消挂载： ./mount.sh -u temp/ 制作根文件系统¶制作自己的根文件系统，大小依据自己的根文件系统而定，注意依据 temp 文件夹的大小来修改 count 值： mkdir rootfs dd if=/dev/zero of=linuxroot.img bs=1M count=4000 mkfs.ext4 linuxroot.img sudo mount linuxroot.img rootfs/ sudo cp -rfp temp/* rootfs/ sudo umount rootfs/ e2fsck -p -f linuxroot.img resize2fs -M linuxroot.img这样 linuxroot.img 就是最终的根文件系统映像文件了。 FAQs¶ 根文件系统加载后，大小不正常，未占满整个分区：¶在系统正确加载后执行扩展文件系统命令： resize2fs /dev/mtd/by-name/linuxroot |
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