图源：东方IC

而专精特新企业中的佼佼者则被称为 “小巨人”，是专注于细分市场、创新能力强、市场占有率高、掌握关键核心技术、质量效益优的排头兵企业。

"Little giants" typically specialize in niche sectors, command high market shares and boast strong innovative capacity.

"Little giants" typically specialize in niche sectors, command high market shares and boast strong innovative capacity.

图源：东方IC

比如有的“小巨人”企业就专注做减速器。减速器是机器人的三大核心零部件之一，也是很多工业设备必需的零部件，此前高端减速器我们大量依赖进口。现在在很多智能物流仓库里，无人搬运车 （Automatic Guided Vehicle）来回穿梭，精准配送，实现这些物流小车精准驱动的减速机就是由 这类“小巨人”企业制造的。

这些企业生产的或许只是一个小小的零部件或者专于某种技术，平常注意不到，但它们却在我们日常生活或生产中不可或缺，甚至发挥着举足轻重的作用，这就是“小巨人”的意义。

这些企业在一定程度上和德国管理学家赫尔曼·西蒙提出的 “隐形冠军”企业类似，是指那些不为公众所熟知，却在某个细分行业或市场占据领先地位，拥有核心竞争力和明确战略的中小型企业。

These "little giants" are similar to "hidden champions", a term coined by German author Hermann Simon to describe the small, highly specialized world market leaders in Germany.

These "little giants" are similar to "hidden champions", a term coined by German author Hermann Simon to describe the small, highly specialized world market leaders in Germany.

图源：中国日报

今年的两会政府工作报告中首次提出：着力培育“专精特新”企业，在资金、人才、孵化平台搭建等方面给予大力支持。

This year's Government Work Report states that China will work to nurture specialized and sophisticated enterprises that produce new and unique products, and provide them with more support in terms of funding, personnel, and development of business incubation platforms.

This year's Government Work Report states that China will work to nurture specialized and sophisticated enterprises that produce new and unique products, and provide them with more support in terms of funding, personnel, and development of business incubation platforms.

《“十四五”促进中小企业发展规划》中也明确提出，力争到2025年，推动形成一百万家创新型中小企业、十万家“专精特新”中小企业、一万家专精特新“小巨人”企业。

China aims to nurture 1 million innovative SMEs, 100,000 specialized and sophisticated enterprises that produce new and unique products, and 10,000 "little giants" from 2021 to 2025, amid an ambitious plan to trigger the vitality of SMEs in its sprawling industrial economy.

China aims to nurture 1 million innovative SMEs, 100,000 specialized and sophisticated enterprises that produce new and unique products, and 10,000 "little giants" from 2021 to 2025, amid an ambitious plan to trigger the vitality of SMEs in its sprawling industrial economy.

申请成为专精特新企业需要满足一系列的基本培育条件，例如截至上年末的近2年主营业务收入或净利润的平均增长率达到5%以上，企业资产负债率不高于70%。

They must see a minimum 5 percent year-on-year average growth rate of its main business income or net profit in the past two years. And its asset-liability ratio is not higher than 70 percent.

They must see a minimum 5 percent year-on-year average growth rate of its main business income or net profit in the past two years. And its asset-liability ratio is not higher than 70 percent.

其中一个指标是创新能力，企业需要最少拥有有效发明专利2项或其它同等创新能力才能申请。此外，还需要保证一定比例的科研经费支出。

More importantly, they must have two valid invention patents or other similar proofs of its innovation capabilities. They also need to maintain a certain level of research and development spending.

More importantly, they must have two valid invention patents or other similar proofs of its innovation capabilities. They also need to maintain a certain level of research and development spending.

目前，工信部已公布4762家专精特新“小巨人”企业。超五成企业研发投入在1000万元以上，超70%的企业深耕行业10年以上，超80%的企业居本省细分市场首位，在高铁、航空航天等重大工程中也能看到很多它们的身影。

“专精特新”为什么重要？

❶“专精特新”企业是疫情之下，帮助中国稳定产业链的重要力量

最近上海、吉林等地的疫情牵动着我们的心。新冠之下，很多人不得不居家办公，工作生活也面临了一系列挑战。在这种情况下，很多人担心中国的产业链工业链怎么办？数以万计的中小企业怎么办？

这个问题第一眼看起来很宏大，但其实和我们每个人的生活紧密相连。因为中小企业占据我国市场主体数量的90%以上，贡献了80%以上的城镇就业，70%以上的技术创新，60%以上的GDP，以及50%以上的税收。

换言之，在就业压力严峻的今天，是中小企业给我们提供了大量的工作岗位，是默默无闻的它们帮助了中国稳定产业链供应链。

正如工信部副部长徐晓兰所说，“如果把一条产业链打开来看，都能发现无数的中小企业在做支撑，我们的产业链经受住了疫情的冲击，很大程度上也归因于我国中小企业在产业布局上之深、之广。”

Xu Xiaolan, vice-minister of industry and information technology, said "If you randomly look into an industrial chain in China, you'll find countless dynamic small players involved. China's industrial chains have withstood the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic largely due to the depth and breadth of its small-and medium-sized enterprises industries.”

Xu Xiaolan, vice-minister of industry and information technology, said "If you randomly look into an industrial chain in China, you'll find countless dynamic small players involved. China's industrial chains have withstood the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic largely due to the depth and breadth of its small-and medium-sized enterprises industries.”

而培育专精特新企业就是为了进一步激发中小企业的活力，更好地维护产业链供应链的安全稳定。

❷专精特新“小巨人”企业是创新的重要来源，为解决“卡脖子”难题提供技术支撑

目前在工信部公布的4762家专精特新“小巨人”企业名单中，90%以上集中在“四基”领域，即核心基础零部件、关键基础材料、先进基础工艺、产业技术基础。

产品虽“小”，但在产业链中居于必不可少的基础地位，它们中的任何一环断掉，整个产业链安全都将受到威胁。而且这些领域也往往面临着“卡脖子”的难题。

浙商证券首席经济学家李超表示，对于中国来说，创新能力和完善的供应链在经济发展过程中发挥着越来越重要的作用。能够填补国内某些薄弱环节的 “小巨人”企业将有助于改善产业链和供应链，使中国成为制造业强国。

Li Chao, chief economist at Zheshang Securities, said “The little giant companies, which are able to fill certain weak niches in the country, will help improve the industrial and supply chains, and enable China to become a manufacturing powerhouse.”

Li Chao, chief economist at Zheshang Securities, said “The little giant companies, which are able to fill certain weak niches in the country, will help improve the industrial and supply chains, and enable China to become a manufacturing powerhouse.”

“国家支持小巨人企业的最新举措，将帮助他们在日益激烈的全球竞争中实现技术突破、创新和升级，提升核心竞争力。”

"The country's latest move to support little giant companies will help them achieve technological breakthroughs, innovations and upgrades, and boost their core competitiveness in the face of increasing global competition," Li said.

"The country's latest move to support little giant companies will help them achieve technological breakthroughs, innovations and upgrades, and boost their core competitiveness in the face of increasing global competition," Li said.

记者：马思

编辑：左卓

实习生：牛盈博

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