以下信息来自dholes.org 网站中的WHAT'S A DHOLE模块，主要简单介绍了关于豺的基础知识。

附离编译局 2023年5月

"What is a dhole?" is the first question we get asked when we introduce ourselves. Almost everyone has heard of the fight to save the rhino, elephant and tiger. What if we told you that there is an animal more endangered than rhinos? That’s home range has shrunk more than the Elephants? One animal that has been rumored to be able to tree a tiger. This animal is the Dhole ( Cuon alpinus ). The Dhole, pronounced dole, is not a dull creature at all.

“什么是豺？”是我们做自我介绍时经常被问到的第一个问题。几乎每个人都听说过拯救犀牛、大象和老虎的保护行动。如果我们告诉你有一种动物比犀牛更濒危呢？告诉你它们的栖息地范围比大象的缩减得更厉害呢？传说这种动物可以对抗老虎，这种动物叫「豺」（Cuon alpinus）。豺[Dhole]，发音为dole [音标/doʊl/，与英文单词dull（枯燥无聊的）发音近似。]，一点也不无聊。

DHOLE - CUON ALPINUS | 豺 - CUON ALPINUS

Other Names: Red Dog, Indian Wild Dog, Asiatic Wild Dog, Whistling Dog or Whistling hunter are all common names for dholes.

别名：赤犬[红狼]、印度野狗、亚洲野狗、呼啸犬或呼啸猎者都是豺的常见别名。

Taxonomy: Dholes are a member of Canidae family and are cousins to wolves and African Wild Dogs.

分类：豺是犬科的一员，是狼和非洲野犬的近亲。

Status: They are endangered and the population is decreasing, its thought there are only 2,500 mature adult dholes left in the wild and less than 300 kept in captivity the world over.

现状：它们濒临灭绝，种群数量正在减少，据估计，全世界只剩下2500只成年豺，圈养的豺不到300只。

Physical Characteristics: Dholes look similar in build to a jackal or coyote but larger in size. They can range in color from a brown tawny to a rich red. The last half of their tails are dark brown to black in color. The southern variation often has a slicker coat with shorter hair length. The northern variations tend to have a slightly longer coat, leading to the ruff found around the face. The white coloring on the face (under the jaw and chin), neck, chest and belly comes with age, yearlings and pups often lack any white on them.

特征：豺的体型与胡狼或郊狼相近，但体格更大。身体颜色从黄褐色到浓郁的红色不等，尾巴后半段的颜色从深棕色到黑色不等。南方亚种通常有一层较光滑的被毛，长度较短。北方亚种通常有稍微长一些的被毛，导致在面部周围出现颈毛。脸上（下颌和下巴部分）、脖子、胸部和腹部的白色部分会随着年龄的增长而变明显，新生豺及幼崽身上通常没有白色部分。

 Weights: Males 15 to 21 kg; Female 10 to 17 kg

 Height: 42 to 55 cm

Length: 80 to 113 cm or 112 to 163 cm with tail.

体重：雄性15至21公斤；雌性10至17公斤

身高：42至55厘米

身长：80至113厘米，包括尾巴在内112至163厘米。

Fun Fact: Dholes don't howl, instead they have a whistle to communicate with one another.

有趣的事实：豺不会嚎叫，取而代之，它们通过短啸[吹口哨]来相互交流。

Locations:

分布：

Currently Found:

Dholes are currently found in Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Lao, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, and Thailand; India is thought to be the last stronghold of wild dholes.

目前发现：

豺目前在不丹、印度、印度尼西亚、老挝、马来西亚、缅甸、尼泊尔和泰国都有分布；印度被认为是野生豺灭绝前的最终栖息地。

Might be found:

Dholes might be found in the following countries and if they are found they would be in small numbers. Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, the Korean peninsula, Pakistan, and Viet Nam.

或被发现：

豺或在以下国家被发现，即使被发现，它们的数量也会很小。孟加拉国、柬埔寨、中国、朝鲜半岛地区、巴基斯坦和越南。

Historic Range:

Dholes use to be found in the following countries but are now considered extinct from the following countries Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.

历史分布：

豺过去在以下国家被发现，但现在被认为在这些国家灭绝。俄罗斯、蒙古国、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、阿富汗和乌兹别克斯坦。

Social Structure:

社会结构：

Average Pack or Clan size: 2 to 15 adults and pups; packs as large as 30 have been documented.

　　平均种群大小：2至15只成年个体及幼崽；有记录的最大群体规模达30只个体。

There is a dominant breeding pair, but sometimes more than one female will breed, the whole pack helps care for pups. They are seasonal breeders only breeding once a year and the season varies based on latitude of the population. Gestation is 60 to 63 days and the average litter size is 4 to 12.

　　存在优先交配制度，但有时会有不止一只雌性繁殖，整个群体都会帮忙照顾幼崽。它们是季节性繁殖动物，每年只繁殖一次，繁殖季节因种群的分布纬度而异。妊娠期为60 ~ 63天，平均产仔数为4 ~ 12只。

They hunt in packs and maintain a territory together, territory size is highly dependent on resources and can vary from 15 square km to 80 square km. Their prey is large to medium ungulates or hooved animals. Known prey included: Chital, Sambar, Blackbuck, Nilgai, Swamp Deer, Muntjac, Gaur, Asiatic Buffalo, Banteng, Markhor, Tahr, gorals and wild pig.

　　它们成群狩猎，共同守护一个领地，领地大小高度依赖于资源丰富程度，面积从15平方公里到80平方公里不等。它们的猎物大到中型蹄类动物，已知的猎物包括：印度白斑鹿[Cervus axis]、山马[Cervus unicolor]、印度羚[Antilope cervicapra]、蓝牛羚[Boselaphus tragocamelus]、泽鹿[Cervus duvauceli]、麂[Muntiacus muntjak]、印度野牛[Bos gaurus]、亚洲水牛[Bubalus bubalis]、爪哇野牛[Bos javanicus]、捻角山羊[Capra falconeri]、塔尔羊[genus Hemitragus]、喜马拉雅斑羚[genus Naemorhedus]和野猪。

Sources:

来源：

Kamler, J.F., Songsasen, N., Jenks, K., Srivathsa, A., Sheng, L. & Kunkel, K. 2015. Cuon alpinus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T5953A72477893. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T5953A72477893.en. Downloaded on 06 July 2017.

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