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US hits China with sanctions for buying Russian fighter jets and missiles美国因中国购买俄罗斯战斗机和导弹而对中国实施制裁

▌ 部分素材来源于《卫报》，世界播团队翻译

Russian blacklist also expanded to include many indicted by Mueller for role in 2016 election meddling

俄罗斯的黑名单也扩大到了包括许多被穆勒起诉的人，因为他们在2016年的选举中干涉了美国的总统选举。

Vladimir Putin shakes hands with a Chinese serviceman. The sanctions will sharpen tensions with Beijing. Photograph: Alexei Nikolsky/AP

弗拉基米尔·普京与一名中国军人握手。美国的制裁将加剧俄罗斯与中国的紧张关系。摄影:阿列克谢尼科尔斯基/美联社

The US has sanctioned the Chinese military for buying Russian fighter planes and missiles, and blacklisted more than 30 Russians, most of whom have been indicted for their role in Moscow’s effort to subvert the 2016 US election.

美国因中国军方购买俄罗斯战斗机和导弹而对其进行制裁，并将30多名俄罗斯人列入黑名单，其中多数人因参与莫斯科方面颠覆2016年美国大选的努力，并在其中扮演的角色而被起诉。

The new sanctions unveiled by the state department on Thursday will sharpen tensions with Beijing amid a brewing trade war – and further sour relations with Moscow.

美国国务院周四公布的新制裁措施，将在酝酿中的贸易战中加剧与中国的紧张关系，并进一步恶化中俄关系。

The expansion of the Russian blacklist also represents an endorsement of the investigation into Russian meddling in the 2016 vote by the special counsel Robert Mueller, which Donald Trump has repeatedly denounced as a “witch-hunt”.

俄罗斯黑名单的扩大也表明，美国特别法律顾问罗伯特穆勒对俄罗斯干预2016年大选的调查得到了支持。唐纳德特朗普曾多次谴责该调查是“政治迫害”。

Trump and 'collusion': what we know so far about Mueller's Russia investigation

特朗普与“共谋”:到目前为止我们对穆勒俄罗斯调查的了解

Of the 33 names added to the Russian blacklist, three entities and 30 individuals, 28 were indicted earlier this year by Mueller’s team.

在列入俄罗斯黑名单上的33个名字中，有3个实体和30个个人，其中28个是今年早些时候被穆勒小组起诉的。

The list includes three companies and 13 individuals indicted in February this year for involvement in a broad attempt to influence the 2016 election through fake social media accounts in operation masterminded by the Internet Research Agency in St Petersburg.

这份名单包括3家公司和13名个人，他们在今年2月被控参与了一场广泛的尝试，试图通过假社交媒体账户影响2016年的美国大选。这些账户由圣彼得堡互联网研究机构策划并实施行动。

It also includes 12 officers of Russian military intelligence indicted by Mueller in July for the hacking of Democratic National Committee emails during the election.

此外，还有12名俄罗斯军事情报人员因在美国大选期间窃听民主党全国委员会的电子邮件而在今年7月遭到穆勒的起诉。

The state department also named Igor Korobov, the head of the main intelligence directorate of the Russian army, known as the GRU, and one his deputies, Sergey Gizunov, as well as three Russian defence companies, including the mercenary organisation PMC Wagner.

美国国务院还公开点名指责俄罗斯军队主要情报部门的负责人伊戈尔·科罗博夫，该情报部门被称为格勒乌（俄罗斯联邦最大也是最为秘密的情报机构），他的副手谢尔盖·吉佐诺夫，以及包括雇佣军组织PMC Wagner在内的三家俄罗斯国防公司。

Being added to the blacklist does not immediately trigger sanctions, but anyone dealing with a blacklisted person or entity could be liable to punitive measures under the Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (Caatsa) passed by Congress in 2017.

被列入黑名单并不会立即引发制裁，但根据美国国会于2017年通过的《制裁法案》(《以制裁反击美国敌人法案》)，任何与被列入黑名单的个人或实体打交道的人都可能面临惩罚性措施。

The expansion of the blacklist represents an endorsement of Mueller’s investigation into Russian meddling. Photograph: Andrew Harnik/AP

黑名单的扩大表明穆勒对俄罗斯干预行为的调查得到了认可。照片：Andrew Harnik/AP

The sanctions on China announced on Thursday mark the first time the US has issued penalties under Caatsa against third parties for dealing with blacklisted Russians. Officials said that they decided to act against the Chinese military procurement organisation, the Equipment Development Department, after it purchased Sukhoi Su-35 warplanes from Moscow in November 2017 and S-400 surface-to-air missiles in January this year. EDD and its director, Li Shangfu, were hit with sanctions because of the purchases made from Rosoboronexport, Russia’s main arms export entity already on the Caatsa blacklist for its support of the Assad regime in Syria.

周四宣布的对中国的制裁，标志着美国第一次在《以制裁反击美国敌人法案》对与被列入黑名单的俄罗斯人打交道的第三方实施惩罚。官员们表示，在2017年11月从莫斯科购买苏霍伊苏-35战机和今年1月从俄罗斯购买S-400地对空导弹后，他们决定对中国军事采购组织设备开发部采取行动。EDD及其主管李尚富因从Rosoboronexpor公司购买武器而受到制裁。Rosoboronexport是俄罗斯主要的武器出口实体公司，因其支持叙利亚阿萨德政权而被列入Caatsa黑名单。

“We have been using the possibility of Caatsa sanctions to deter arms transfers for many months,” a senior administration official said. “We have had some good results in probably preventing the occurrence of several billions dollars worth of transfers simply by having the availability of this sanctions tool in our pockets. But since China has gone ahead and done what is clearly a significant transaction by buying these Sukhois and S-400 missiles we are required by the law to take this step today.”

“几个月来，我们一直在利用Caatsa制裁的可能性来阻止武器转让，”一名高级政府官员说。“我们在防止发生价值数十亿美元的转移方面取得了一些良好的成果，这仅仅是因为我们口袋里有这一制裁工具。但由于中国已经通过购买苏霍伊导弹和S-400导弹进行了明显意义重大的交易，法律要求我们今天采取这一步骤。“

“Caatsa sanctions in this context are not intended to undermine the defence capabilities of any particular country. They are instead aimed at imposing costs on Russia in response to its malign activities, and of course those malign activities are many,” the official said. “These measures are in direct response to Russia’s aggressive actions towards our country, our allies and our partners.”

“在这方面，Caatsa制裁的目的不是削弱任何特定国家的防御能力。相反，他们的目的是为俄罗斯的恶意活动增加成本。当然，这些恶意活动也很多。” 这位官员表示：“这些措施是对俄罗斯对我们国家、我们的盟友和我们的伙伴采取的侵略行动的直接回应。”

Turkey has also ordered S-400 missiles, which are due to be delivered next year. State department officials made clear that Thursday’s sanctions were also meant as a signal to Ankara about the consequences of that transaction.

土耳其也订购了S-400导弹，预计将于明年交付。美国国务院官员明确表示，周四的制裁也意味着向安卡拉发出信号，表明这一交易的后果。

“We hope that this step will send a signal of our seriousness and perhaps encourage others to think twice about their own engagement with the Russian defence and intelligence sectors,” the senior official said.

这位高级官员表示：“我们希望，这一举措将发出一个信号，以表明我们的严肃态度，或许还能鼓励其他国家在与俄罗斯国防和情报部门打交道时三思。”

Peter Harrell, a former senior state department sanctions official, said: “It’s interesting that the administration has chosen this moment of high tension to act. I have to imagine they see it in the broader context of putting pressure on China.”

美国国务院前高级制裁官员彼得·哈雷尔表示：“有意思的是，美国政府选择了在这一高度紧张的时刻采取行动。我不得不想象，他们是在对中国施加压力的大背景下看待这一问题的。”

Harrell, now a adjunct senior fellow at the Centre for a New American Security, said the names added to the state department blacklist underlined the disconnect between Donald Trump and his own administration on how they view Russian interference in the 2016 elections.

哈雷尔现在是美国新安全中心的兼职高级研究员。他表示，国务院黑名单上新增的名字突显出唐纳德·特朗普与自己的政府在如何看待俄罗斯对2016年美国大选中的干预问题方面存在分歧。

“This does reinforce the fact that the Trump administration continues to be concerned about election interference, even if Trump does not seem to,” Harrell said.

哈雷尔说：“这确实强化了一个事实，即特朗普政府继续担心选举干预，即使特朗普似乎并不关心。”

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