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使用RMAN备份与恢复数据库（6）——归档日志文件的备份与恢复
一、使用RMAN备份归档日志
1、查看归档日志的位置
SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_1
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
log_archive_dest_1 string location=/home/oracle/archive_logs
2、查看归档日志文件
[oracle@wgx archive_logs]$ ll -h
总用量 61M
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2.6M 4月 9 20:22 1_10_1037292356.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2.6M 4月 9 20:22 1_11_1037292356.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2.7M 4月 9 20:23 1_12_1037292356.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 26M 4月 9 20:30 1_13_1037292356.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 25M 4月 9 20:30 1_14_1037292356.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2.6M 4月 9 20:21 1_9_1037292356.dbf
3、使用RMAN备份归档日志
RMAN> backup as compressed backupset archivelog all delete input format '/home/oracle/rmanbak/archivelog_%d_%I_%s_%p_%T';
Starting backup at 2020-04-09 20:32:04
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=9 RECID=216 STAMP=1037305319
input archived log thread=1 sequence=10 RECID=217 STAMP=1037305348
input archived log thread=1 sequence=11 RECID=218 STAMP=1037305378
input archived log thread=1 sequence=12 RECID=219 STAMP=1037305421
input archived log thread=1 sequence=13 RECID=220 STAMP=1037305811
input archived log thread=1 sequence=14 RECID=221 STAMP=1037305853
input archived log thread=1 sequence=15 RECID=222 STAMP=1037305924
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2020-04-09 20:32:04
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2020-04-09 20:32:07
piece handle=/home/oracle/rmanbak/archivelog_ORCL_1559168802_81_1_20200409 tag=TAG20200409T203204 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/home/oracle/archive_logs/1_9_1037292356.dbf RECID=216 STAMP=1037305319
archived log file name=/home/oracle/archive_logs/1_10_1037292356.dbf RECID=217 STAMP=1037305348
archived log file name=/home/oracle/archive_logs/1_11_1037292356.dbf RECID=218 STAMP=1037305378
archived log file name=/home/oracle/archive_logs/1_12_1037292356.dbf RECID=219 STAMP=1037305421
archived log file name=/home/oracle/archive_logs/1_13_1037292356.dbf RECID=220 STAMP=1037305811
archived log file name=/home/oracle/archive_logs/1_14_1037292356.dbf RECID=221 STAMP=1037305853
archived log file name=/home/oracle/archive_logs/1_15_1037292356.dbf RECID=222 STAMP=1037305924
Finished backup at 2020-04-09 20:32:07
说明：delete input参数：在备份完成后，删除归档日志。
4、查看归档日志信息
RMAN> list backup of archivelog all;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
58 14.20M DISK 00:00:02 2020-04-09 20:32:06
BP Key: 90 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: YES Tag: TAG20200409T203204
Piece Name: /home/oracle/rmanbak/archivelog_ORCL_1559168802_81_1_20200409
List of Archived Logs in backup set 58
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
---- ------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------
1 9 1741038 2020-04-09 20:20:23 1741173 2020-04-09 20:21:58
1 10 1741173 2020-04-09 20:21:58 1741284 2020-04-09 20:22:27
1 11 1741284 2020-04-09 20:22:27 1741391 2020-04-09 20:22:58
1 12 1741391 2020-04-09 20:22:58 1741661 2020-04-09 20:23:41
1 13 1741661 2020-04-09 20:23:41 1742829 2020-04-09 20:30:10
1 14 1742829 2020-04-09 20:30:10 1743756 2020-04-09 20:30:52
1 15 1743756 2020-04-09 20:30:52 1743788 2020-04-09 20:32:04
5、查看原来的归档日志
[oracle@wgx archive_logs]$ pwd
/home/oracle/archive_logs
[oracle@wgx archive_logs]$ ll
可以看到，备份归档日志以后，原来的归档日志全部被删除。
二、恢复数据时使用备份的归档日志
当备份归档日志并且清空原有的归档日志文件之后，如果在恢复数据时用到某些归档文件，会自动从归档备份集中取出该归档文件。即：RMAN会自动还原所需的归档日志文件，而不用用户干预。
1、查看数据文件的备份信息
RMAN> list backup of datafile 5;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
57 Full 18.42M DISK 00:00:00 2020-04-09 20:28:34
BP Key: 89 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20200409T202834
Piece Name: /home/oracle/rmanbak/data01.dbf
List of Datafiles in backup set 57
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
5 Full 1741852 2020-04-09 20:28:34 /usr/local/oradata/orcl/data01.dbf
2、把数据文件data01.dbf删除，然后重启数据库
SQL> host rm /usr/local/oradata/orcl/data01.dbf
SQL> startup force;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes
Fixed Size 2220200 bytes
Variable Size 482348888 bytes
Database Buffers 578813952 bytes
Redo Buffers 5554176 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 5 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/usr/local/oradata/orcl/data01.dbf'
3、恢复数据文件
RMAN>
run {
restore datafile 5;
recover datafile 5;
alter database open;
5> }
Starting restore at 2020-04-09 20:39:19
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=10 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /usr/local/oradata/orcl/data01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/rmanbak/data01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/rmanbak/data01.dbf tag=TAG20200409T202834
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished restore at 2020-04-09 20:39:21
Starting recover at 2020-04-09 20:39:21
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=13
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=14
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=15
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/rmanbak/archivelog_ORCL_1559168802_81_1_20200409
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/rmanbak/archivelog_ORCL_1559168802_81_1_20200409 tag=TAG20200409T203204
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
archived log file name=/home/oracle/archive_logs/1_13_1037292356.dbf thread=1 sequence=13
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished recover at 2020-04-09 20:39:25
database opened
4、查看归档日志信息
[oracle@wgx archive_logs]$ ll
总用量 51192
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 26219008 4月 9 20:39 1_13_1037292356.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 26185728 4月 9 20:39 1_14_1037292356.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 6656 4月 9 20:39 1_15_1037292356.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 3072 4月 9 20:39 1_16_1037292356.dbf
可以看出，在恢复数据文件data01.dbf的过程中，使用了两个备份的归档日志：1_13_1037292356.dbf和1_14_1037292356.dbf。
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