drf实现图片验证码功能 |
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一.背景
在之前实现过django的图片验证码，有自己实现过的，也有基于django-simple-captcha的,都是基于form表单验证，若自己实现，可以获取相应的标签name便可以获取判断，若使用django-simple-captcha只需相应配置即可。但在前后端分离的情况下，就有点摸不着头脑了，序列化时CaptchaField不管作用，百度搜索也没找到相应的办法，于是心想只有重写restframework_jwt自带的登录验证接口及注册接口，都得新增字段。 二.django-simple-captcha简单介绍Django Simple Captcha是一个非常简单但高度可定制的Django应用程序，可以将captcha图像添加到任何Django表单中。 网址如下：https://django-simple-captcha.readthedocs.io/en/latest/，只需按照文档简单配置即可，该插件会对应生成一张表，存放验证码信息及过期时间等。 三.基于django-simple-captcha的drf图片验证码 1.生成图片验证码接口（我这里将图片转换成了base64），也可以是图片或地址： from django.http import HttpResponse from captcha.views import CaptchaStore, captcha_image import base64 ....... class ImageView(APIView): def get(self, request): hashkey = CaptchaStore.generate_key() try: #获取图片id id_ = CaptchaStore.objects.filter(hashkey=hashkey).first().id imgage = captcha_image(request, hashkey) #将图片转换为base64 image_base = base64.b64encode(imgage.content) json_data = json.dumps({"id": id_, "image_base": image_base.decode('utf-8')}) except: json_data = None return HttpResponse(json_data, content_type="application/json")2.注册时的图片验证码： 2.1序列化： 这里把图片验证码的id和用户输入的内容都传过来，不易错误，captcha生成的表中的字段expiration是生成图片的时间加五分钟，因此captcha判断的也就是这个过期时间，重写也可以判断这个时间，若当前时间大于它则过期（有效时间五分钟）。 class UserRegSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): """" 用户注册序列化 """ username = serializers.CharField(min_length=2, max_length=20, error_messages={ "max_length": "用户名长度应小于等于20", "min_length": "用户名长度应大于等于2"}, validators=[UniqueValidator(queryset=User.objects.all(), message='用户名已经被使用')],help_text="用户名") code = serializers.CharField(required=True, write_only=True, max_length=4, min_length=4, label='验证码', error_messages={ "blank": "请输入邮箱验证码", "required": "邮箱验证码不能为空", "max_length": "邮箱验证码格式错误", "min_length": "邮箱验证码格式错误" }, help_text='邮箱验证码') email = serializers.CharField(required=True, allow_blank=False, validators=[UniqueValidator(queryset=User.objects.all(), message='用户已经存在')],help_text="邮箱") password = serializers.CharField(style={"input_type": "password"}, write_only=True,help_text="密码") captcha = serializers.CharField(min_length=4, max_length=4, required=True, error_messages={ "max_length": "图片验证码格式错误", "min_length": "图片验证码格式错误", "required": "请输入图片验证码" },help_text="图片验证吗") ima_id = serializers.CharField(required=True, write_only=True, allow_blank=False,help_text="图片验证码id") def validate_code(self, code): verify_codes = EmailVeriyRecord.objects.filter(email=self.initial_data['email']).order_by('-send_time') if verify_codes: last_verfycode = verify_codes[0] five_minute_ago = datetime.now() - timedelta(hours=0, minutes=5, seconds=0) if five_minute_ago > last_verfycode.send_time: raise serializers.ValidationError('验证码过期') if code != last_verfycode.code: raise serializers.ValidationError('验证码错误') else: raise serializers.ValidationError('验证码错误') def validate_password(self, password): """ 密码长度大于6小于12 """ if re.match(REGEX_PWD, password): pass else: raise serializers.ValidationError("密码必须包含数字，字母，特殊符中两到三种，且长度在6-12之间") return password def validate_captcha(self, captcha): try: captcha = captcha.lower() except: raise serializers.ValidationError("图片验证码错误") image_code = CaptchaStore.objects.filter( id=self.initial_data['ima_id']).first() if image_code and datetime.now() > image_code.expiration: raise serializers.ValidationError('图片验证码过期') else: if image_code and image_code.response == captcha: pass else: raise serializers.ValidationError("图片验证码错误") # 作用于所有字段 def validate(self, attrs): if attrs['username']: pass else: attrs['username'] = attrs['email'] del attrs["code"] del attrs["ima_id"] del attrs["captcha"] return attrs class Meta: model = User fields = ('email', 'code', 'password', 'username', 'captcha', 'ima_id')2.2注册view实现： class UserRegisterViewset(mixins.CreateModelMixin, mixins.UpdateModelMixin, mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, viewsets.GenericViewSet): """ 用户注册接口 create: 用户添加 """ serializer_class = UserRegSerializer queryset = User.objects.all() authentication_classes = (JSONWebTokenAuthentication, authentication.SessionAuthentication) def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs): serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data) serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True) user = self.perform_create(serializer) re_dict = serializer.data payload = jwt_payload_handler(user) re_dict['token'] = jwt_encode_handler(payload) headers = self.get_success_headers(serializer.data) return Response(re_dict, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED, headers=headers) def get_serializer_class(self): ''' 重载GenericAPIView中的get_serializer_class函数，调用不同的序列化类，如果是create, 就调用UserRegSerializer序列化，否则UserDetailSerializer序列化 :return: ''' if self.action == 'retrieve': return UserDetailSerializer elif self.action == 'create': return UserRegSerializer return UserDetailSerializer def get_permissions(self): ''' 重载APIview中的get_perimissions函数，如果是新增用户则不用登录，否则必须登录 :return: ''' if self.action == 'retrieve': return [permissions.IsAuthenticated()] elif self.action == 'create': return [] return [] def get_object(self): ''' 返回当前用户 :return: ''' return self.request.user def perform_create(self, serializer): return serializer.save() 2.登录： 2.1序列化： from rest_framework_jwt.settings import api_settings jwt_payload_handler = api_settings.JWT_PAYLOAD_HANDLER jwt_encode_handler = api_settings.JWT_ENCODE_HANDLER from django.contrib.auth import authenticate from rest_framework_jwt.compat import PasswordField class MyloginSerializer(JSONWebTokenSerializer): """ 从写登录序列化 """ def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): """ Dynamically add the USERNAME_FIELD to self.fields. """ super(JSONWebTokenSerializer, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.fields[self.username_field] = serializers.CharField() self.fields['password'] = PasswordField(write_only=True) self.fields['captcha'] = serializers.CharField(min_length=4, max_length=4, required=True, error_messages={ "max_length": "图片验证码格式错误", "min_length": "图片验证码格式错误", "required": "请输入图片验证码" }) self.fields['ima_id'] = serializers.CharField(required=True, allow_blank=False) def validate_captcha(self, captcha): image_code = CaptchaStore.objects.filter( id=self.initial_data['ima_id']).first() five_minute_ago = datetime.now() - timedelta(hours=0, minutes=5, seconds=0) if image_code and five_minute_ago > image_code.expiration: raise serializers.ValidationError('验证码过期') else: if image_code and (image_code.response == captcha or image_code.challenge == captcha): pass else: raise serializers.ValidationError("图片验证码错误") def validate(self, attrs): del attrs["ima_id"] del attrs["captcha"] credentials = { self.username_field: attrs.get(self.username_field), 'password': attrs.get('password') } if all(credentials.values()): user = authenticate(**credentials) if user: if not user.is_active: msg = _('User account is disabled.') raise serializers.ValidationError(msg) payload = jwt_payload_handler(user) return { 'token': jwt_encode_handler(payload), 'user': user } else: msg = _('Unable to log in with provided credentials.') raise serializers.ValidationError(msg) else: msg = _('Must include "{username_field}" and "password".') msg = msg.format(username_field=self.username_field) raise serializers.ValidationError(msg) 2.2view： from rest_framework_jwt.views import JSONWebTokenAPIView from .serializers import MyloginSerializer class MyJSONWebToken(JSONWebTokenAPIView): """" 重写jwt的登录验证，含图片验证码 """ serializer_class = MyloginSerializer 3.url中相应配置： url(r'images/$',ImageView.as_view()), url(r'login/$',MyJSONWebToken.as_view(),name="login") 四.总结 这样做功能是实现了，但感觉有些粗糙，可以把验证码表的数据超过某个时间的自动清除，也可以把数据放入缓存（redis等），希望能提一些改进的建议。
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