|
Numeric and Mathematical Modules¶
The modules described in this chapter provide numeric and math-related functions
and data types. The numbers module defines an abstract hierarchy of
numeric types. The math and cmath modules contain various
mathematical functions for floating-point and complex numbers. The decimal
module supports exact representations of decimal numbers, using arbitrary precision
arithmetic.
The following modules are documented in this chapter:
numbers — Numeric abstract base classes
The numeric tower
Notes for type implementors
Adding More Numeric ABCs
Implementing the arithmetic operations
math — Mathematical functions
Number-theoretic and representation functions
Power and logarithmic functions
Trigonometric functions
Angular conversion
Hyperbolic functions
Special functions
Constants
cmath — Mathematical functions for complex numbers
Conversions to and from polar coordinates
Power and logarithmic functions
Trigonometric functions
Hyperbolic functions
Classification functions
Constants
decimal — Decimal fixed point and floating point arithmetic
Quick-start Tutorial
Decimal objects
Logical operands
Context objects
Constants
Rounding modes
Signals
Floating Point Notes
Mitigating round-off error with increased precision
Special values
Working with threads
Recipes
Decimal FAQ
fractions — Rational numbers
random — Generate pseudo-random numbers
Bookkeeping functions
Functions for bytes
Functions for integers
Functions for sequences
Discrete distributions
Real-valued distributions
Alternative Generator
Notes on Reproducibility
Examples
Recipes
statistics — Mathematical statistics functions
Averages and measures of central location
Measures of spread
Statistics for relations between two inputs
Function details
Exceptions
NormalDist objects
NormalDist Examples and Recipes
Classic probability problems
Monte Carlo inputs for simulations
Approximating binomial distributions
Naive bayesian classifier
Kernel density estimation
|