python的日志模块logging和syslog |
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1.简单的将日志打印到屏幕
import logging logging.debug('This is debug message')logging.info('This is info message')logging.warning('This is warning message')
屏幕上打印:WARNING:root:This is warning message 默认情况下,logging将日志打印到屏幕,日志级别为WARNING;日志级别大小关系为:CRITICAL > ERROR > WARNING > INFO > DEBUG > NOTSET,当然也可以自己定义日志级别。 2.通过logging.basicConfig函数对日志的输出格式及方式做相关配置import logging logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG, format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s', datefmt='%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S', filename='myapp.log', filemode='w') logging.debug('This is debug message')logging.info('This is info message')logging.warning('This is warning message')
./myapp.log文件中内容为:Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:11] DEBUG This is debug messageSun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:12] INFO This is info messageSun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:13] WARNING This is warning message logging.basicConfig函数各参数:filename: 指定日志文件名filemode: 和file函数意义相同,指定日志文件的打开模式,'w'或'a'format: 指定输出的格式和内容,format可以输出很多有用信息,如上例所示: %(levelno)s: 打印日志级别的数值 %(levelname)s: 打印日志级别名称 %(pathname)s: 打印当前执行程序的路径,其实就是sys.argv[0] %(filename)s: 打印当前执行程序名 %(funcName)s: 打印日志的当前函数 %(lineno)d: 打印日志的当前行号 %(asctime)s: 打印日志的时间 %(thread)d: 打印线程ID %(threadName)s: 打印线程名称 %(process)d: 打印进程ID %(message)s: 打印日志信息datefmt: 指定时间格式,同time.strftime()level: 设置日志级别,默认为logging.WARNINGstream: 指定将日志的输出流,可以指定输出到sys.stderr,sys.stdout或者文件,默认输出到sys.stderr,当stream和filename同时指定时,stream被忽略 3.将日志同时输出到文件和屏幕import logging logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG, format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s', datefmt='%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S', filename='myapp.log', filemode='w') ##################################################################################################定义一个StreamHandler,将INFO级别或更高的日志信息打印到标准错误,并将其添加到当前的日志处理对象#console = logging.StreamHandler()console.setLevel(logging.INFO)formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s')console.setFormatter(formatter)logging.getLogger('').addHandler(console)################################################################################################# logging.debug('This is debug message')logging.info('This is info message')logging.warning('This is warning message')
屏幕上打印:root : INFO This is info messageroot : WARNING This is warning message ./myapp.log文件中内容为:Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:11] DEBUG This is debug messageSun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:12] INFO This is info messageSun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:13] WARNING This is warning message 4.logging之日志回滚import loggingfrom logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler ##################################################################################################定义一个RotatingFileHandler,最多备份5个日志文件,每个日志文件最大10MRthandler = RotatingFileHandler('myapp.log', maxBytes=10*1024*1024,backupCount=5)Rthandler.setLevel(logging.INFO)formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s')Rthandler.setFormatter(formatter)logging.getLogger('').addHandler(Rthandler)################################################################################################ 从上例和本例可以看出,logging有一个日志处理的主对象,其它处理方式都是通过addHandler添加进去的。logging的几种handle方式如下:
logging.StreamHandler: 日志输出到流,可以是sys.stderr、sys.stdout或者文件logging.FileHandler: 日志输出到文件 日志回滚方式,实际使用时用RotatingFileHandler和TimedRotatingFileHandlerlogging.handlers.BaseRotatingHandlerlogging.handlers.RotatingFileHandlerlogging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler logging.handlers.SocketHandler: 远程输出日志到TCP/IP socketslogging.handlers.DatagramHandler: 远程输出日志到UDP socketslogging.handlers.SMTPHandler: 远程输出日志到邮件地址logging.handlers.SysLogHandler: 日志输出到sysloglogging.handlers.NTEventLogHandler: 远程输出日志到Windows NT/2000/XP的事件日志logging.handlers.MemoryHandler: 日志输出到内存中的制定bufferlogging.handlers.HTTPHandler: 通过"GET"或"POST"远程输出到HTTP服务器
由于StreamHandler和FileHandler是常用的日志处理方式,所以直接包含在logging模块中,而其他方式则包含在logging.handlers模块中,上述其它处理方式的使用请参见python2.5手册! 5.通过logging.config模块配置日志#logger.conf ############################################### [loggers]keys=root,example01,example02 [logger_root]level=DEBUGhandlers=hand01,hand02 [logger_example01]handlers=hand01,hand02qualname=example01propagate=0 [logger_example02]handlers=hand01,hand03qualname=example02propagate=0 ############################################### [handlers]keys=hand01,hand02,hand03 [handler_hand01]class=StreamHandlerlevel=INFOformatter=form02args=(sys.stderr,) [handler_hand02]class=FileHandlerlevel=DEBUGformatter=form01args=('myapp.log', 'a') [handler_hand03]class=handlers.RotatingFileHandlerlevel=INFOformatter=form02args=('myapp.log', 'a', 10*1024*1024, 5) ############################################### [formatters]keys=form01,form02 [formatter_form01]format=%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)sdatefmt=%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S [formatter_form02]format=%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)sdatefmt= 上例3: import loggingimport logging.config logging.config.fileConfig("logger.conf")logger = logging.getLogger("example01") logger.debug('This is debug message')logger.info('This is info message')logger.warning('This is warning message') 上例4: import loggingimport logging.config logging.config.fileConfig("logger.conf")logger = logging.getLogger("example02") logger.debug('This is debug message')logger.info('This is info message')logger.warning('This is warning message') 6.logging是线程安全的 |
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