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(共21张PPT)语法精讲Unit 3Present perfect passive voiceLook at the WayLook at the way your face has been washedLook at the way your teeth have been brushedLook at the way your shoes have been cleanedYou’d better do them again.Look at the way the flowers have been plantedLook at the way the grass has been cutLook at the way the paths have been sweptI hope that you’ll come here again.Appreciate a poemWhat’s the common verb form of these sentences Verb form: present perfect passive voicehave / has been done看着你清洗脸颊凝视你梳理秀发端详你擦亮鞋子再来一遍吧看你种下了花望你修剪了草还有那尘封的小径被你清扫愿你能故地重游the present perfect passive voice一 定义表示动作已经完成，强调对现在造成的影响和结果。常与一些副词连用，如already, ever,never, recently，lastly, just,yet等，通常把副词放在助动词have或 has的后面，有时候也可以放在句末。表示一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与for a time,since,how long,so far等表示一段时间的时间状语连用。* The child has bee taken care of by gandma all these years.这些年来，孩子一直由奶奶照看。例2：Have they been sent abroad to study English 他们已经被派往国外学英语了吗 例3：Who has been invented 谁受到了邀请？二 构成陈述句 主语+has/ have（not）been+P.P.+...例1：Her motorbike has been stolen. 她的摩托车盗了。一般疑问句 Has/have+主语+been+P.P.+... 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+have/has +been +P.P.+... 三 现在完成时的被动语态的用法1.表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。通常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语so far，by now，up till now，before...等连用。The project has already been finished.工程已完成了。(结果是现在不用做这项工作了)The doctor hasn't been sent for yet.还没有派人去请医生。(现在应派人去请医生)2. 表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去。常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long...？句型中。The machine has been tested for two hours.这台机器已经测试了两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修)3. 用在时间或条件等状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。You can go home as soon as your work has been finished.你的工作一完成就可以回家。have been producedhas been changed四、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意以下几点1. 与一般过去时的被动语态的区别一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。The museum was opened to the public last year.去年这家博物馆向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去)The museum has been opened to the public.这家博物馆已向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经开放了)2．非延续性动词如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。The experiment was finished two weeks ago.这项实验在两周前已经完成。The experiment has been finished.这项实验已经完成。3. 动词短语动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。It is said that the case has been looked into.据说已经调查了这个案件。4. 带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。注意：原来作宾补的省略to的不定式在被动语态中要用带to的不定式。I have told them to help you.→They have been told to help you.5. 带有双宾语的动词如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass，promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently.→He has been given a chance to work abroad recently (by the company)．→A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently (by the company)．has been sentwas builthave been bought1. Read the pairs of sentences.Underline and compare the different verb forms.Jan's life has been greatly improved by the Internet.The Internet has greatly improved Jan's life.Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.People have written much about the wonders of the World Wide Web.2. Change the sentences into the present perfect passive voice.EXAMPLEThey've built a kind of new PC with more functions.-- A kind of new PC has been built with more functions.1 I have downloaded the software to help my phone battery last longer.2 Someone has lost an identity card.3 Have you confirmed the Wi-Fi password 4 Have you pressed the button yet to copy the file 5 Has anyone made a comment about the online database Answers:1 The software has been downloaded to help my phone battery last longer.2 An identity card has been lost.3 Has the Wi-Fi password been confirmed 4 Has the button been pressed yet to copy the file 5 Has a/any comment been made about the online database Exercises一、 用动词正确形式填空。1. First as a PC and then as a laptop, I____________(use) inoffices and homes since the 1970s.2. Over time my memory ______________ (develop) so much that,like an elephant, I never forget anything I ___________(told).3. Since the 1970s many new applications _____________ (find)for me.4. I have also ___________(put) into robots and used to makemobile phones as well as______ (help) with medical operations.5. I ____________________(put) into space rockets and sent toexplore the Moon and Mars.has developedhave been toldhave been usedhave been foundbeen puthelphave even been put随着时间的过去二、用将下列句子改成被动语态。1. They have finished the construction of the new railway linesby now.The construction of the new railway lines has been finished bythem by now.2. We have built a new library and a gymnasium in our school this year.A new library and a gymnasium have been built in ourschool this year by us.3. The car factory has produced a great many fine cars since the technological revolution.A great many fine cars have been produced by the car factory since the technological revolution.In 1908, the Olympic Games was held here for the first time.The Olympic Games has been held in many countries since the 1900s.He was invited to deliver a speech last week.He has been invited to deliver a speech to many companies since he was famous.一般过去时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态一般过去时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态拓展He has been told many times, and he finally understood it.Having been told many times, he finally understood it.The poor have been oppressed and exploited for so long.The poor, having been oppressed and exploited for so long, took up their guns and knives to kill rich nobles.现在完成时的被动语态现在分词完成被动式现在完成时的被动语态现在分词完成被动式1. We’ve done a lot of work on it, but we _______________ (finish) yet.2. Tom ________________ (work) in the library every night over the last three months.3. More public transport _____________ (build) in China, making it easier for people to travel.4. Progress _________ (be) so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.5. _____________ (eat) at the cafeteria before, Tina didn’t want to eat there again.have not finishedhas been workinghas been builthas beenHaving eaten高考链接6. No agreement ____________ (reach) yesterday after many rounds of talks.7. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement _______________ (reach) so far by the two sides.8. I ________________ (show) around the Water Cube for many times since it was built.9. _________________ (show) around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.was reachedhas been reachedhave been shownHaving been shownThank You

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